arXiv:2606.29714cs.CV2026-06

统一异常检测新框架,支持小样本下精准边界构建。

UniVAD v2: Unified Visual Anomaly Detection via Support-Conditioned Boundary Construction

论文配图:UniVAD v2: Unified Visual Anomaly Detection via Support-Conditioned Boundary Construction
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 双侧约束:结合正常与异常参考样本构建动态检测边界。
  • 1张正常图+1张异常图时,图像级AUC达96.2%,像素级96.9%。
  • 无需重训练即可自适应调整边界,适合工业、医疗等多场景部署。

统一视觉异常检测旨在训练一个可跨类别、跨领域、跨场景部署的通用检测器。在少样本迁移设置中,核心挑战是从少量支持样本中为未见类别估计特定任务的检测边界。现有方法主要依赖正常样本信息推断边界,对异常侧证据利用不足,导致部署时容忍度有限。同时,正常侧常难以兼顾局部对应关系与支持-查询全局关联,使边界可靠性下降。为此,本文提出UniVAD v2,一种基于支持条件的双向边界构建框架。在原UniVAD的组件-补丁分治架构基础上,引入基于最优传输的关系建模模块(OTRM),通过运输式分配融合检索与匹配结果;设计自适应协调机制(ACRRM)以评估不同证据源的置信度并进行融合。在异常侧,提出少样本异常参考模块(FAR),将可选异常样例转化为拒识侧证据用于边界调节。在六个涵盖工业、逻辑与医学异常检测的数据集上验证,展现强跨域泛化能力。在1N-shot设置下,图像级AUC从UniVAD的83.0%提升至84.5%;在1N+1A-shot设置下进一步达到85.7%。在MVTec-AD Severity Split(MVTec-AD-SS)上,图像级AUC达96.2%,像素级96.9%,证明异常参考可实现无需重训练的可控边界定制。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Unified visual anomaly detection seeks to train a single detector that can be deployed across categories, domains, and application scenarios. In the few-shot transfer regime, the key challenge is to estimate an episode-specific boundary for an unseen target category from a small support set. Existing approaches mainly infer this boundary from normal-side evidence and provide limited abnormal-side evidence for deployment-specific tolerance. Within the normal side, they often struggle to jointly capture local correspondences and global support-query relations, making their boundaries less reliable for unseen anomalies. To address these issues, we propose UniVAD v2, a two-sided support-conditioned boundary construction framework for unified visual anomaly detection. Built on the component-patch divide-and-conquer framework of UniVAD, UniVAD v2 strengthens the normal side with an Optimal Transport-based Relational Modeling module (OTRM), which complements retrieval with support-query matching through transport-style allocation, and an Adaptive Coordination mechanism for Retrieval and Relational Modeling (ACRRM), which estimates episode-conditioned reliabilities to fuse the two sources of evidence. On the abnormal side, a Few-Shot Abnormal Reference module (FAR) converts optional abnormal references into rejection-side evidence for boundary adjustment. Experiments on six datasets spanning industrial, logical, and medical anomaly detection demonstrate strong cross-domain generalization. Under the 1N-shot protocol, UniVAD v2 improves the mean image-level AUC over UniVAD from 83.0\% to 84.5\%, and further reaches 85.7\% in the 1N+1A-shot setting. On the MVTec-AD Severity Split (MVTec-AD-SS), UniVAD v2 achieves 96.2\% image-level AUC and 96.9\% pixel-level AUC, showing that abnormal references enable controllable boundary customization without retraining.

异常检测少样本学习边界构建跨域泛化

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