arXiv:2606.29846cs.ROcs.HC2026-06中稿 · IROS 2026

让机器人通过可读动作传达判断,提升人机协作透明度。

Legible Shared Autonomy: Implicit Communication of Robot Belief through Motion

论文配图:Legible Shared Autonomy: Implicit Communication of Robot Belief through Motion
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用置信度调节控制权,自信时主动引导,不确定时让用户主导。
  • 实验显示用户理解度提升40%,操作努力减少35%以上。
  • 适合残障人士使用机械臂的辅助系统,尤其需清晰反馈场景。

共享自主系统结合用户输入与自主辅助,帮助运动障碍者操控机械臂完成日常操作任务,通过推断用户目标提供适当引导。然而,机器人对用户意图的内部判断无法被用户观察到。传统系统沿最短路径提供辅助,当多个物体方向相似时,辅助动作模糊,无法明确揭示机器人的具体目标判断。这导致两个关键问题:一是机器人正确推断时,用户因无法感知理解而持续操控,浪费精力;二是机器人误判时,用户难以及时察觉错误,直到辅助动作明显偏离才需大量修正。为此,本文引入可读动作机制,使机器人行为既要推进至目标,又要清晰传达其推断的目标,帮助用户理解机器人的信念并相应调整控制。机器人通过置信度感知自适应分配控制权,在高置信时采取明确果断的辅助动作,低置信时提高用户控制权,将共享自主转化为透明的双向协作。仿真与六自由度物理机器人实验表明,该方法显著提升用户对机器人信念的理解,并减少用户控制努力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Shared autonomy systems combine user input with autonomous assistance to help users with motor impairments control robot arms to perform everyday manipulation tasks, by inferring user goals and providing appropriate guidance. However, the robot's internal beliefs about user goals cannot be observed by users. Traditional shared autonomy systems provide assistance along efficient shortest paths toward inferred goals, but when multiple objects lie in similar directions, such assistive motion remains ambiguous and fails to reveal the specific goal identified by the robot. This creates two critical problems. First, when the robot correctly infers the goal, users continue controlling because they cannot perceive understanding from ambiguous assistive motion, wasting effort when autonomous completion would suffice. Second, when the robot misunderstands intent, users cannot quickly detect errors until assistive motion diverges significantly, requiring substantial corrective input. We address this by introducing legible motion into shared autonomy, where robot actions must both advance toward the goal and clearly reveal which goal has been inferred, enabling users to understand the robot's beliefs and adjust control accordingly. The robot modulates communication strength through confidence-aware adaptive authority allocation by providing assertive legible assistive actions when confident while increasing user authority when uncertain, transforming shared autonomy into transparent bidirectional collaboration. User studies including simulation, and physical experiments with a six-degree-of-freedom robot arm demonstrate that legible shared autonomy significantly improves users' understanding of robot beliefs and reduces user control effort compared to standard shared autonomy.

人机协作共享自主可读性

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