测试大模型评分是否可靠,发现即使顶尖模型也有噪声。
Can LLM-as-a-Judge Reliably Verify Rubrics in Agentic Scenarios?

- 构建首个针对智能体场景的评分可靠性基准数据集。
- 2458个实例显示顶级模型仍有显著评分波动。
- 提示设计、批量处理等策略影响评分效果,需权衡效率与准确。
基于评分标准的评估已成为模型评价的常用范式,通常由大模型作为评判者(LaaJ)执行评分。然而,这种评分方式在智能体场景中的可靠性仍缺乏深入研究,尤其在生成长文本、复杂输出时挑战更大。为此,我们开展了一项系统性的元评估,提出RuVerBench——首个用于评估智能体场景下大模型评分可靠性的真实基准。该数据集涵盖深度研究与智能体编程两大主流领域,共包含2,458个实例,每个实例包含模型生成结果、评分标准及人工标注的合规标签。利用该数据集,我们评估了多个前沿大模型,发现即使最先进模型也表现出明显噪声。进一步分析表明:弱模型对提示设计更敏感,批量验证存在准确率与效率的权衡,多数投票虽有效但收益递减。相关数据与代码已开源:https://github.com/THU-KEG/RuVerBench。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Rubric-based scoring has become a widely used paradigm in model evaluation, typically with LLM-as-a-Judge (LaaJ) for rubric scoring. However, the reliability of LaaJ for rubric scoring remains underexplored. This concern is especially pronounced in agentic scenarios, where long, complex outputs further challenge reliable scoring. To address this, we conduct a systematic meta-evaluation of LaaJ reliability for rubric verification. We introduce RuVerBench, the first benchmark for assessing LaaJ reliability in rubric verification for agentic scenarios. RuVerBench covers two prevalent agentic domains, deep research and agentic coding, with 2,458 instances, each containing a model-generated output, a rubric, and a human-annotated label indicating whether the output satisfies the rubric. Using RuVerBench, we evaluate numerous frontier LLMs and find that even the most advanced models achieve strong performance but still exhibit substantial noise. We further analyze the impact of key LaaJ strategies, including prompt design, batching, and majority voting, on rubric verification. We find that weaker models are more sensitive to prompt variations, batched verification presents a trade-off between accuracy and efficiency, and majority voting yields effective but diminishing returns. We have released our dataset and code to facilitate future research: https://github.com/THU-KEG/RuVerBench.
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