提出新框架,让节点与邻居在语义和结构上保持一致,提升文本图异常检测效果。
Node-to-Neighborhood Semantic Consistency: Text-Topology Alignment for TAGs Anomaly Detection

- 设计双路径融合机制,对齐节点文本与邻域拓扑关系
- 在8个数据集上优于现有最优方法,提升异常识别能力
- 适合需要精准识别语义偏离的场景,如欺诈检测
文本属性图(TAGs)上的图异常检测对欺诈识别和学术诚信验证等应用至关重要。现有方法主要分为两类:基于GNN的方法能捕捉结构模式,但难以理解细粒度文本语义;结合LLM与图的方法虽增强语义理解,却未能充分建模邻接节点间的拓扑关系。此外,两类方法均忽略文本语义与图拓扑之间的对应关系,导致无法发现语义与邻域不一致的异常节点。本文将TAG异常检测形式化为节点到邻域的语义一致性问题,异常可能源于文本语义不匹配或节点与其邻居间的拓扑偏差。我们提出N2NSC框架,通过两条互补融合路径捕捉图拓扑与文本语义的对应关系,使LLM能协同利用文本与结构邻域信息进行异常检测。在八个数据集上的大量实验表明,N2NSC始终优于当前最先进的方法。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Graph anomaly detection (GAD) on text-attributed graphs (TAGs) is vital for applications such as fraud detection and academic integrity verification. Existing approaches generally fall into two paradigms. GNN-based methods effectively capture structural patterns but struggle to capture fine-grained textual semantics. Methods integrating LLMs with graphs improve semantic understanding yet fail to fully comprehend topological relationships among neighboring nodes. Moreover, both paradigms overlook the correspondence between textual semantics and graph topological relationships, limiting their ability to identify nodes whose semantics are inconsistent with their neighborhoods. In this paper, we formalize TAG anomaly detection as a node-to-neighborhood semantic consistency problem, where anomalies may arise from either textual semantic mismatch or topological deviation between a node and its neighbors. We propose N2NSC (Node-to-Neighborhood Semantic Consistency), a framework that captures the correspondence between graph topology and textual semantics through two complementary fusion paths. The two pathways work synergistically, enabling the LLM to fully leverage both textual and structural neighborhood information for anomaly detection. Extensive experiments across eight datasets demonstrate that N2NSC consistently outperforms current state-of-the-art methods.
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