arXiv:2606.30133cs.LGcs.AI2026-06中稿 · publication in Cyb…

用语义门控实现图谱多跳检索,单步决策更高效。

Query-Aware Spreading Activation for Multi-Hop Retrieval over Knowledge Graphs

论文配图:Query-Aware Spreading Activation for Multi-Hop Retrieval over Knowledge Graphs
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 每步通过问题与实体描述的余弦相似度决定传播方向
  • 在MuSiQue上达到32.80%准确率,优于纯结构基线5.3个百分点
  • 全程仅需一次数据库查询,延迟降低1.5至4.9倍

基于知识图谱的检索增强生成(Graph RAG)通过利用图结构,在多跳问答任务中表现优于传统段落检索。然而,现有系统大多仅将问题用于初始化节点,后续遍历过程“无视问题”,依赖图结构本身。少数方法如QAFD-RAG虽实现查询感知遍历,但需将全图加载至内存并迭代求解,难以与图数据库集成。本文提出一种扩散激活机制,通过单步语义门控实现查询感知:每步权重为候选实体描述与问题间的余弦相似度,迭代次数固定。整个检索流程——种子映射、传播、Top-K选择与上下文组装——可表示为一条单一的Cypher查询,仅需一次往返执行于Neo4j,图谱始终保留在数据库中。在MuSiQue数据集上,该方法准确率达32.80%,与QAFD-RAG的33.50%相当,并超越最强纯结构基线HippoRAG,提升5.3%精确匹配与3.4%F1;在2WikiMultiHopQA上,因句法节点架构优势,HippoRAG与QAFD-RAG仍占优。消融实验表明,关闭门控后F1下降3.6至7.4点,延迟增加1.5至4.9倍。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Retrieval-augmented generation built on knowledge graphs (Graph RAG) outperforms flat passage retrieval on multi-hop question answering by leveraging graph structure. In most existing systems, however, the question only sets the seed nodes; the subsequent traversal becomes "query-blind", depending solely on the graph structure. The exception is QAFD-RAG, which implements query-aware traversal via a flow-diffusion solver with combined edge re-weighting. This architecture requires loading the full graph into Python memory and an iterative solver with a variable number of iterations complicating integration with the graph database. We propose a spreading-activation method that achieves the same query-aware traversal with a single per-step semantic gate: the step weight is the cosine similarity between the candidate entity's description and the question, and the number of iterations is fixed. The whole retrieval procedure - seed mapping, propagation, top-K selection and context assembly - is expressed as a single Cypher query executed in one round-trip to Neo4j; the graph never leaves the database. On MuSiQue our method matches QAFD-RAG by exact match (32.80 vs 33.50) and outperforms the strongest purely-structural baseline in our comparison, HippoRAG, by 5.3 EM and 3.4 F1; on 2WikiMultiHopQA HippoRAG and QAFD-RAG retain an advantage due to their phrase-node architectures. An ablation with the gate disabled confirms that the gate is the source of a simultaneous F1 gain of 3.6 to 7.4 points and a retrieval-latency reduction by a factor of 1.5 to 4.9.

知识图谱多跳检索图神经网络高效推理

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