用自监督学习自动优化激光雷达局部几何,提升定位与建图精度。
Self-supervised Geometry Reasoning for LiDAR Simultaneous Localization and Mapping

- 通过高斯分布建模每个点的局部几何,学习显式符号化表示。
- 在不同激光雷达分辨率下,里程计和全局配准性能均显著提升。
- 无需真实标签,可无缝接入现有激光雷达定位系统。
激光雷达同时定位与地图构建(LiDAR SLAM)依赖于局部几何量,如协方差、对应关系和表面结构。然而,现有方法多使用手工设计的几何估计作为固定输入,导致在点云稀疏区域或低分辨率激光雷达下,几何估计噪声大且不稳定。为此,本文提出一种自监督框架,学习显式的局部几何符号化表示,并递归用于改进LiDAR SLAM。具体而言,每个点被表示为高斯分布,使局部几何由协方差描述;在无密集几何标签或真实位姿的情况下,通过最大化局部几何似然进行学习,自监督信号来自符号几何表示间的一致性关系,包括预测协方差、对应关系和SLAM轨迹。学习到的几何信息反馈至SLAM中,形成循环:更优几何提升定位与建图,更优定位又提供更清洁的监督以优化后续几何推理。该框架与后端无关,无需修改架构即可嵌入现有LiDAR SLAM流程。在KITTI数据集上,不同激光雷达分辨率下的实验表明,该方法在里程计和全局配准任务上均有显著提升。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
LiDAR simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) relies on local geometric quantities such as covariances, correspondences, and surface structures. However, most existing pipelines rely on hand-crafted estimates of local geometry and use them as fixed inputs to LiDAR SLAM, which can make the estimated local geometry noisy and unstable in sparse regions of a point cloud or when using low-resolution LiDAR. To address this issue, this paper introduces a self-supervised framework that learns an explicit symbolic representation of local geometry and uses it to improve LiDAR SLAM recursively. Specifically, each point is represented as a Gaussian distribution, allowing local geometry to be described by a covariance. Without dense geometry labels or ground-truth poses, the framework learns by maximizing the likelihood of local geometry, with self-supervision derived from consistency relations over symbolic geometric representations, including predicted covariances, correspondences, and trajectory from SLAM. The learned geometry is then fed back into LiDAR SLAM, forming a reciprocal loop in which improved geometry enhances localization and mapping, and improved localization provides cleaner supervision for subsequent geometry reasoning. This framework is backend-agnostic and can be plugged into existing LiDAR SLAM pipelines without architectural changes. Experiments on KITTI under varying LiDAR resolutions show that the proposed method improves both odometry and global registration.
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