arXiv:2606.30362cs.ROcs.AI2026-06

让机器人能实时反应环境变化,自适应调整全身动作。

ReactiveBFM: Reactive Closed-Loop Motion Planning Towards Universal Humanoid Whole-Body Control

论文配图:ReactiveBFM: Reactive Closed-Loop Motion Planning Towards Universal Humanoid Whole-Body Control
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用动态采样课程减少误差累积,让机器人学会从错误中恢复。
  • 在严重扰动下成功率达93.1%,比传统方法高28.6%。
  • 适合需要快速应变的复杂人形机器人任务,如追移动目标。

现有行为基础模型(BFMs)虽能提供稳健的控制先验,但仅执行预设参考动作,对环境变化敏感且无法实现全身心的实时协调。简单级联生成式运动规划器无法实现真正反应性,因跟踪偏差会引发致命的累积暴露偏差。为此,我们提出ReactiveBFM,一种实时闭环规划-控制框架。核心是通过计划前缀的调度采样课程,迫使生成式规划器从不完美物理状态中主动学习误差恢复行为,而非依赖真实轨迹。为解决自回归规划与高频跟踪间的严重延迟不匹配问题,引入异步重规划机制,并结合轨迹分块以时空融合空间参考,确保执行无物理抖动。部署于Unitree G1人形机器人上,ReactiveBFM展现出前所未有的物理敏捷性,可实现零样本移动目标抓取,展现复杂全身协调与即时重规划能力。在严重扰动下的仿真到仿真基准测试中,成功率达93.1%,显著优于级联开环基线28.6%。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

While current Behavior Foundation Models (BFMs) provide robust control priors for humanoids, they only execute pre-defined reference motions. As a result, they are vulnerable to environmental shifts and incapable of reactive whole-body coordination. Naively cascading them with generative motion planners fails to achieve true reactivity, as inevitable tracking discrepancies induce fatal cumulative exposure bias. To bridge this gap, we propose ReactiveBFM, a real-time closed-loop planning-control framework. At its core, we effectively mitigate exposure bias via a scheduled prefix sampling curriculum, forcing the generative planner to actively learn error-recovery behaviors from imperfect physical states rather than ground-truth trajectories. Systematically, to reconcile the severe latency mismatch between auto-regressive planning and high-frequency tracking, we introduce an asynchronous replanning mechanism. Combined with trajectory chunking to temporally ensemble spatial references, our system guarantees spatio-temporally fluid execution without physical jitter. Deployed on the Unitree G1 humanoid, ReactiveBFM demonstrates unprecedented physical agility across a vast repertoire of text-conditioned closed-loop motions. Notably, ReactiveBFM achieves zero-shot moving target reaching, showcasing intricate whole-body coordination and on-the-fly replanning. In sim-to-sim benchmarking under severe perturbations, ReactiveBFM achieves a 93.1% success rate, significantly outperforming cascaded open-loop baselines by 28.6%.

人形机器人闭环控制运动规划实时响应

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