arXiv:2606.30479cs.NIcs.AI2026-06

用模拟环境自动生成并验证网络安全对策,成功率是单智能体的4.4倍。

COHORT: Collaborative Orchestration for Hardening via Offensive Replay on Emulated Topologies

论文配图:COHORT: Collaborative Orchestration for Hardening via Offensive Replay on Emulated Topologies
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 多智能体协作生成、执行并优化安全策略,全程在真实设备镜像上运行。
  • 通过重演攻击对比测试,46.7%的策略既阻止攻击又不破坏网络连通性。
  • 适合网络安全团队快速验证防御方案,尤其适用于复杂企业网络。

在企业网络中应对已知威胁通常需数周专家工作:分析师定制缓解措施,验证其不影响生产环境,并确认能阻断特定攻击。该过程依赖专家判断,无法直接在生产环境测试。COHORT 是首个端到端自动化此流程的框架。通过角色分解的多智能体大模型工作流,提出候选策略,将其转化为真实设备命令,并通过批判循环优化,全部在高保真 GNS3 模拟器上运行真实厂商固件(防火墙、交换机、路由器)。每个候选策略通过进攻重演评估:在加固后的网络上重放原始攻击,与未加固基线进行配对比较,而非使用先前仿真、混合或配置生成研究中的奖励信号或专家判断代理。此外还包含两项检查:连通性回归检测(局域网 ping 与互联网 HTTP 探测)排除破坏正常连接的策略;累积评估将已批准策略叠加至持久状态,以揭示复合效应。在三个拓扑和四种攻击场景(勒索软件、横向移动、DNS 数据外泄、数据窃取)下,46.7% 的生成策略在重演中既阻断攻击又保持连通性,是相同模型与工具访问条件下单智能体基线的 4.4 倍。演示视频及发布资源可获取。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Mitigating an observed adversary in an enterprise network typically takes weeks of expert work: an analyst derives a mitigation tailored to that adversary, validates it without breaking production, and verifies it disrupts the specific attack. The procedure relies on expert judgment and cannot safely be exercised against the production network. COHORT is the first end-to-end framework to automate this procedure for deployable mitigations. A role-decomposed multi-agent LLM workflow proposes candidates, implements them as real device commands, and refines them through a critique loop, all on a high-fidelity GNS3 emulator running real vendor firmware (firewall, switch, router). Each candidate is evaluated by offensive replay: re-executing the original adversary on the mitigated network for a paired comparison against the unmitigated baseline, rather than the reward-signal or expert-judgment proxies used in prior simulation, hybrid, and configuration-generation work. Two further checks complement replay: a connectivity-regression check (LAN ping and internet HTTP probe) rejects mitigations that disrupt legitimate LAN or internet connectivity, and a cumulative evaluation stacks approved mitigations onto a persistent state to surface compound effects. Across three topologies and four attack scenarios (ransomware, lateral movement, DNS exfiltration, data theft), 46.7% of generated mitigations both disrupt the attack and preserve connectivity under replay, 4.4 times the rate of a single-agent baseline using the same model and tool access. A demo video walking through the framework is available with our released artifacts.

网络安全智能体协作攻防演练自动化

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