arXiv:2606.30572cs.CRcs.AI2026-06

用专家混合模型同时识别恶意软件、打包状态和家族,提升检测鲁棒性。

A Multi-task Mixture of Experts Framework for Malware Classification, Packing Detection, and Family Attribution

论文配图:A Multi-task Mixture of Experts Framework for Malware Classification, Packing Detection, and Family Attribution
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 分任务专用专家网络+自适应路由,实现多任务协同学习。
  • 多门控专家模型达97.44%综合检出率,失败率仅2.56%。
  • 对混淆样本和罕见病毒更鲁棒,适合实际安全场景部署。

恶意软件分类因类型多样、存在打包二进制文件及家族分布不均而极具挑战。传统单模型方法在多样化数据上泛化能力差,尤其对混淆和稀有样本性能下降。本文提出基于混合专家(MoE)架构的统一多任务分析框架,采用高维EMBER特征与原始1D字节数组两种输入表示,同时完成恶意软件家族分类、打包/未打包检测、恶意/良性识别三项任务。通过分解问题为专用专家网络并结合自适应门控机制,实现任务特异性学习且保持可扩展性。研究了同质MoE、异质MoE和多门控MoE(MMoE)等多种变体,在标准与对抗设置下评估原样本与变异样本表现。结果表明,多门控MoE模型性能最优,综合检出率达0.9744,失败率仅2.56%。该配置在突变引发的分布偏移下仍具更强鲁棒性。研究证实专家专精与任务特定路由在处理复杂恶意软件分布中的有效性,为构建可扩展、高韧性的恶意软件检测系统提供新方向。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Malware classification remains a challenging problem due to its inherent heterogeneity, the presence of packed binaries, and the diverse distribution of malware families. Traditional single-model detection mechanisms often fail to generalize across such diverse data, leading to degraded performance, particularly on obfuscated and rare malware samples. In this work, we propose a unified multi-task malware analysis framework based on Mixture of Experts (MoE) architectures. The proposed system evaluates performance across two different input representations, i.e., high-dimensional EMBER feature sets and raw 1D byte arrays extracted from Portable Executable files. It simultaneously performs three critical tasks: malware family classification, packed versus unpacked detection, and malware versus benign identification. By decomposing the problem into specialized expert networks and employing adaptive gating mechanisms, the model enables effective task-specific learning while maintaining overall scalability. We investigate multiple architectural variants, including Homogeneous MoE, Heterogeneous MoE, and Multi-Gate MoE (MMoE). Performance is evaluated in both standard and adversarial settings using original and mutated samples. The obtained results demonstrate that the Multi-Gate MoE model achieves the best performance, reaching a combined detection rate of 0.9744 with only $2.56\%$ failure rate. Moreover, this configuration exhibits improved robustness under mutation-induced distribution shifts. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of expert specialization and task-specific routing in handling complex malware distributions, making the proposed framework a promising direction for scalable and resilient malware detection systems.

恶意软件检测多任务学习专家混合安全防护

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