用可流动的高斯编码实现4D场景追踪,提升长期一致性。
Streaming Gaussian Encoding for 4D Panoptic Occupancy Tracking

- 用固定数量的隐式高斯查询建模场景,通过运动补偿持续传播。
- 在nuScenes和Waymo上达到新最好性能,跟踪一致性显著提升。
- 适合做多视角动态场景理解与自动驾驶感知系统研究者。
基于摄像头的4D全景占据追踪(4D-POT)是一种从多视角图像中实现整体场景理解的有前景范式,支持对几何、语义和物体身份随时间联合推理。现有基于掩码的流程通过跨帧传播实例查询获得优异表现,但其体素表示通常在每帧重新计算,导致几何时空一致性受限,尤其在遮挡或静态元素下。为此,我们提出一种流式高斯编码器,为4D-POT维护持久的体素场景表示。该方法将场景建模为固定大小的隐式高斯查询集,通过自身运动补偿进行传播,并在置信度引导的预算约束下刷新。关键在于,通过深度监督塑造高斯不透明度作为可见性代理,使置信度成为长时间累积的场景支撑度量。结合基于预热的多帧训练策略,实现了超越仅解码器追踪的表示级时空一致性。在Occ3D扩展版nuScenes和Waymo上的大量实验表明,本方法在几乎无额外计算开销下建立相机基4D-POT新基准,显著提升追踪一致性,且完全兼容现有基于掩码的流水线。代码与模型已公开于https://sge.cs.uni-freiburg.de。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Camera-based 4D panoptic occupancy tracking (4D-POT) is a promising paradigm for holistic scene understanding from multi-view imagery, enabling joint reasoning about geometry, semantics, and object identities across time. Recent mask-based pipelines achieve strong performance by propagating instance queries across frames. However, their underlying volumetric representations are typically recomputed at each timestep, limiting geometric temporal consistency, particularly under occlusion and for static scene elements. To address this limitation, we propose a streaming Gaussian encoder that maintains a persistent volumetric scene representation for 4D-POT. Our method models the scene as a fixed-size set of latent Gaussian queries that are propagated via ego-motion compensation and refreshed under a confidence-guided budget constraint. Crucially, we shape Gaussian opacities through depth-based supervision to serve as proxy for visibility, enabling confidence to accumulate as a temporally aggregated measure of persistent scene support. Together with a warmup-based multi-frame training strategy, this yields representation-level temporal coherence beyond decoder-only tracking. Extensive experiments on Occ3D-extended nuScenes and Waymo establish a new state-of-the-art for camera-based 4D-POT, improving tracking consistency with negligible computational overhead while remaining fully compatible with existing mask-based pipelines. We provide code and models at https://sge.cs.uni-freiburg.de.
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