arXiv:2606.31023cs.CRcs.LG2026-06被引 1

让不靠谱的AI在保证安全的前提下,跑得更快。

Certified Speculative Execution for Untrusted AI Agents

  • 用可信验证器+可校准边界,实现安全、低延迟的推测执行
  • 6个不同大模型均零违规,平均损失仅0.0021%,接近理想最优
  • 适合需要高可靠与高性能并重的工业级决策系统

硬约束序列决策系统缺乏对现代AI测试时计算资源的认证利用方式:直接执行多步草案会失去可行性保障,而每步都调用求解器又牺牲了AI的效率。本文提出证书门控前缀接受(CGPA)机制,通过可信验证器精确拒绝违规转移,用符合校准的值边界控制每段内的最长低成本前缀,其余部分交由求解器处理,从而在设计上解耦安全、损失与速度。该机制使六种异构冻结大模型(包括一个120亿参数模型,其直接回放98%违反约束)的实测违规为零;经校准的学习型边界使平均损失比无保护接受降低三个数量级,仅在采样噪声范围内接近逐步最优解(95%置信区间包含零),且在18天中的15天超越最优基准。在一个部署规模的机组组合实例中,将冻结的80亿参数模型提速2.96倍,损失仅2.1%,超过领域启发式方法(1.79倍)和安全滚动时域基线(1.07倍)——越强大的不可信源,认证系统越快,且保障永不改变。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Hard-constrained sequential decision systems have no certified way to spend the test-time compute of modern AI: executing the multi-step drafts of a learned policy or a frozen LLM forfeits the feasibility guarantee a trusted solver provides, while invoking the solver at every step forfeits the speed the AI offers. Certificate-Gated Prefix Acceptance (CGPA) closes this gap with a certified speculative-execution contract for untrusted AI agents: a trusted verifier rejects constraint-violating transitions exactly, a conformally calibrated value boundary gates the longest low-cost prefix within a per-segment regret budget, and the rest defers to the solver, so safety, regret, and speed decouple by construction. The contract drives every untrusted proposal source - adversarial drafters and six heterogeneous frozen LLMs (including a 12B model that violates constraints in 98% of direct rollouts) - to zero applied violations; a certificate-aware learned boundary, conformally calibrated, drives mean regret three orders of magnitude below unguarded acceptance, to within sampling noise of the stepwise oracle (95% CI spanning zero), and under calendar shift a learned proposal source overtakes it on 15 of 18 held-out days. On a deployment-scale unit-commitment instance it turns a frozen 8B LLM into a 2.96x per-episode wall-clock speedup at 2.1% regret, outpacing the domain heuristic (1.79x) and a safe receding-horizon baseline (1.07x): the more capable the untrusted source, the faster the certified system, at guarantees that never change.

AI安全推测执行大模型优化

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