arXiv:2606.31252cs.AI2026-06被引 3

让大模型生成可运行的参数化机械装配代码,通过几何求解器反馈迭代修正。

Embodied CAD: Solver-Grounded LLM Agents for Parametric B-Rep Assembly Modeling

论文配图:Embodied CAD: Solver-Grounded LLM Agents for Parametric B-Rep Assembly Modeling
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 分层调用CAD技能库,每步执行后由求解器验证并指导下一步。
  • 在工业装配任务中实现100%可执行率,长程策略预测仍有提升空间。
  • 适合需要高可靠性参数化建模的工程自动化场景。

大型语言模型能生成看似合理的CAD脚本,但工业级建模不仅需语法正确,还需每个特征、位置和装配关系均被精确几何内核接受,并保持参数化边界表示的可编辑性。我们提出Embodied CAD,一种基于求解器反馈的参数化B-Rep装配建模的LLM智能体框架。与一次性生成完整脚本不同,该智能体从分层的L0-L4 CAD技能库中迭代选择动作,将其解析为类型化的几何操作,在CAD后端执行,并利用求解器反馈进行规划、修复与学习。框架结合动作语法规则约束、确定性参数求解及求解器提供的奖励信号,支持监督预热与GRPO风格优化。我们在多步骤机械、工业设备及模具导向装配任务上评估,采用与求解器对齐的指标:可执行率、技能准确率、操作族准确率、精确策略准确率和任务完成成功率。结果表明,求解器引导的规划可执行当前基准中所有强规划工作流,而学习到的控制器达到高可执行率,揭示出有效工具调用与精确长时序策略预测间的差距。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large language models can write plausible CAD scripts, but reliable industrial CAD modeling requires more than syntactically valid code: every feature, placement, and assembly relation must be accepted by an exact geometric kernel while remaining editable as parametric boundary representation geometry. We present Embodied CAD, solver-grounded LLM agents for parametric B-Rep assembly modeling. Instead of generating a complete script in one pass, the agent iteratively selects actions from a stratified L0-L4 CAD skill library, resolves them into typed geometric operations, executes them in a CAD backend, and uses solver feedback to plan, repair, and learn. The framework combines action grammar constraints, deterministic parameter resolution, and solver-derived rewards for supervised warm-up and GRPO-style refinement. We evaluate Embodied CAD on multi-step mechanical, industrial equipment, and mold-oriented assembly tasks using solver-aligned metrics: executable rate, skill accuracy, operation-family accuracy, exact policy accuracy, and task completion success. The results show that solver-grounded planning executes all strong-planner workflows in the current benchmark, while learned controllers reach high executable rates and expose the remaining gap between valid tool calls and exact long-horizon policy prediction.

CAD建模大模型参数化装配

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