让无人机导航更顺滑:动态感知的连续轨迹生成方法
DynFly: Dynamic-Aware Continuous Trajectory Generation for UAV Vision-Language Navigation in Urban Environments

- 用B样条控制点表示轨迹,通过流匹配学习条件生成
- 在未见场景中提升4.69点NDTW、减少4.51米误差
- 适合关注无人机轨迹连续性与执行性的研究者
多模态大模型虽提升了无人机视觉语言导航(UAV-VLN)的感知与推理能力,但现有方法多聚焦于离散动作或稀疏航点预测,缺乏对导航意图到可执行运动的连续建模,导致轨迹不连贯、不稳定且难执行。为此,我们提出DynFly——一种动态感知的连续轨迹生成框架,通过轻量级轨迹生成层连接高层导航意图与实际飞行运动。该框架将专家轨迹表示在B样条控制点空间,并采用Spline-DiT生成器,基于流匹配学习条件轨迹生成。同时引入面向无人机的动态监督机制,涵盖位置、速度差分、加速度、航向一致性及局部目标对齐,使生成轨迹更符合无人机运动特性。该框架可无缝集成至现有UAV-VLN系统,保持原有视觉-语言推理流程不变。在OpenUAV基准测试中,DynFly在测试未见全集上相较最强基线提升4.69点NDTW、2.40点SDTW、2.14点成功率、4.87点覆盖率,同时降低4.51米导航误差。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Recent advances in multimodal large models have significantly improved UAV vision-language navigation (UAV-VLN) by enhancing high-level perception and reasoning. However, existing methods mainly focus on predicting discrete actions, local targets, or sparse waypoints, while the continuous transition from navigation intent to executable UAV motion remains weakly modeled. This motion-interface gap limits the continuity, stability, and executability of generated UAV trajectories. To address this gap, we propose DynFly, a dynamic-aware continuous trajectory generation framework that bridges high-level navigation reasoning and executable UAV motion. DynFly bridges high-level navigation intent and continuous UAV motion through a lightweight trajectory generation layer. Specifically, it represents expert trajectories in B-spline control-point space and employs a Spline-DiT generator to learn conditional trajectory generation via flow matching. Furthermore, we introduce UAV-oriented dynamic-aware supervision over position, finite-difference velocity, finite-difference acceleration, heading consistency, and local target alignment, enabling the generated trajectories to better satisfy UAV motion characteristics. And our trajectory generation framework can also be integrated with an existing UAV-VLN framework while preserving its original visual-language reasoning pipeline. Extensive experiments on the OpenUAV UAV-VLN benchmark show that DynFly improves both navigation performance and trajectory quality. On the Test Unseen Full split, DynFly improves the strongest baseline by 4.69 NDTW, 2.40 SDTW, 2.14 SR points and 4.87 OSR points, while reducing NE by 4.51 m.
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