arXiv:2606.31839cs.CV2026-06

解决医学影像重采样中的体素间距不一致问题,提升分割精度。

Towards Voxel Spacing Consistency for Medical Image Segmentation

论文配图:Towards Voxel Spacing Consistency for Medical Image Segmentation
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 基于ODE的连续插值建模切片间解剖动态,实现平滑过渡。
  • 融合预训练视觉模型特征,注入类别语义一致性约束。
  • 支持任意尺度重采样,显著改善分割性能与图像连续性。

三维医学图像分割对术前诊断和术中引导至关重要。尽管近年来分割架构发展迅速,但对解剖数据的物理体素间距关注较少。体积图像重采样是分割前的普遍预处理步骤,但其与下游分割任务的交互尚未系统探索。本文研究重采样与分割的关系,提出Consispace——一种语义感知的重采样框架,可在轴向保持一致的体素间距,同时保留解剖与语义一致性。Consispace引入基于常微分方程(ODE)的解剖约束,以连续插值器建模切片间动态,实现复杂解剖转换下的精准重建。为进一步耦合重采样与分割目标,利用预训练视觉模型的密集特征构建切片内语义相关图,并在重采样过程中通过特征重加权注入类别级语义一致性。内外部约束集成于隐式神经网络,支持任意尺度重采样。多数据集上的大量实验表明,Consispace在重建质量、感知保真度上表现更优,切片间解剖更平滑,作为预处理可显著提升下游分割性能。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Volumetric medical image segmentation is essential for both preoperative diagnosis and intraoperative guidance. While recent years have witnessed rapid progress in segmentation architectures, comparatively little attention is paid to the physical voxel spacing of anatomical data. Indeed, volumetric image resampling is a ubiquitous preprocessing step before segmentation, yet its interaction with downstream segmentation has not been systematically exploited. In this work, we study the correlation between image resampling and segmentation, and propose Consispace, a semantic-aware resampling framework that achieves consistent voxel spacing in the axial direction while preserving anatomical and semantic consistency. Consispace introduces an ODE-based anatomical constraint to model inter-slice dynamics with a continuous interpolator, enabling faithful reconstruction under complex anatomical transitions beyond discrete interpolation. To further couple resampling with segmentation objectives, we leverage dense features from a pretrained vision model to build intra-slice semantic correlation maps and inject class-wise semantic consistency via feature reweighting during resampling. Both intra-slice and inter-slice constraints are integrated into an implicit neural network, supporting arbitrary-scale resampling. Extensive experiments on multiple datasets demonstrate that Consispace achieves superior reconstruction quality and perceptual fidelity, produces smoother inter-slice anatomy, and improves downstream segmentation performance when used as a preprocessing step.

医学图像重采样分割

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