让聊天机器人根据用户特点精准回忆历史对话,提升长期记忆的个性化效果。
Learning User-Aware Recall: Personalized Retrieval in Long-Term Conversational Memory

- 基于用户记忆构建画像,指导记忆检索的个性化排序。
- 在两个数据集上优于无训练和有训练的基线方法,提升明显。
- 适合需要长期个性化交互的智能助手场景。
长期对话代理需记住过往互动,但只有在为特定用户召回合适证据时,记忆才具价值。现有增强记忆的LLM代理虽构建了紧凑记忆库,但检索仍依赖查询相似性或固定排序规则,未充分考虑用户相关性。为此,我们提出基于用户画像的个性化检索优化(PPRO)框架,使记忆检索兼具用户感知与可优化性。PPRO从对话历史中构建情景与语义记忆库,并基于累积记忆生成用户画像,作为记忆排序中的显式个性化先验,以捕捉用户的稳定属性、偏好与关系。进一步地,采用分组相对策略优化训练查询重写器,利用检索质量与下游回答质量双重反馈,在保持记忆库与回答模型不变的前提下优化检索。在LoCoMo和LongMemEval-S上的实验表明,该方法持续优于无训练与有训练的基线系统。消融研究显示,画像引导排序与检索导向重写均显著贡献性能,凸显检索优化在个性化长期记忆中的关键作用。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Long-term conversational agents are expected to remember past interactions, but memory is useful only when the right evidence is recalled for the right user. Existing memory-augmented LLM agents have made progress in building compact memory banks, yet retrieval is still often driven by query-centered similarity or fixed ranking rules, leaving user-conditioned relevance underexplored. To address this gap, we propose Profile-guided Personalized Retrieval Optimization (PPRO), a retrieval-centric framework that makes memory retrieval both user-aware and optimizable. PPRO builds episodic and semantic memory banks from dialogue histories and derives a user profile from accumulated memories. The profile serves as an explicit personalized prior in memory ranking, allowing retrieval to account for stable user attributes, preferences, and relationships. PPRO further trains a query rewriter with Group Relative Policy Optimization, using both evidence retrieval quality and downstream answer quality as feedback while keeping the memory banks and answer model fixed. Experiments on LoCoMo and LongMemEval-S show consistent gains over training-free memory systems and training-based baselines. Ablation studies further show that both profile-guided ranking and retrieval-oriented rewriting contribute substantially to performance, highlighting retrieval optimization as a key factor in personalized long-term memory use.
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