通过分拆策略与执行,让机器人更安全高效地完成血管内手术。
Learning Expert Strategy for Autonomous Robotic Endovascular Intervention via Decoupled Procedural Execution

- 将手术决策与具体操作分离,由策略网络生成导航意图,执行模块保证安全约束
- 在仿真和真实机器人上实现96%以上成功率,操作步骤减少29.3%
- 降低13%轨迹波动,适合追求手术标准化与安全性的临床机器人研究
血管内介入手术要求在复杂迂曲的血管解剖结构中精确操控器械,具有高风险性。自主导航有望提升操作一致性并降低人工操作带来的变异性。尽管强化学习(RL)在该领域展现出潜力,但常面临显式约束满足与安全保证困难的问题。为此,本文提出一种基于学习的专家策略框架,通过显式解耦高层战略决策与底层操作执行,提升自主干预的一致性。该框架模仿专家临床决策流程:策略型RL政策生成全局导航意图,随后由专家引导的执行模块进行细化,确保机器人运动严格遵守专家操作规范、实时运动学限制及血管安全约束。在高保真3D仿真与真实机器人平台上评估表明,该框架不仅优于基线策略,还有效复现专家级水平。其导航成功率超过96%,操作步数减少29.3%,显著提升效率并减少器械-血管交互;轨迹方差降低13%,体现更强的程序标准化能力。结果表明该方法可增强机器人血管内介入的可预测性、安全性与一致性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Endovascular interventions are high-stakes procedures requiring precise device operation within complex and tortuous vascular anatomies. Autonomous endovascular navigation has the potential to standardize procedural quality and reduce the performance variability inherent in manual operation. Although Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches have demonstrated promise in enabling autonomy in endovascular intervention, they often struggle with explicit constraint satisfaction and safety guarantees. To address these challenges, a learning-based expert strategy is introduced, enhancing procedural consistency in autonomous endovascular intervention by explicitly decoupling high-level strategic decision-making from low-level procedural execution. The proposed framework replicates the expert clinical decision-making process: a strategic RL policy generates global navigation intents, which are subsequently refined through an expert-informed execution module. This module ensures that robot movements strictly adhere to expert operational norms, real-time kinematic limits, and vessel safety constraints. Experimental evaluation across high-fidelity 3D simulations and a real-world robotic platform demonstrates that the proposed framework not only outperforms baseline policies but also effectively replicates expert-level proficiency. The framework achieves a high navigation success rate (> 96%) and a 29.3% reduction in operational steps, which translates to enhanced operative efficiency and minimized device-vessel interaction. Furthermore, a 13% reduction in trajectory variance indicates superior procedural standardization, aligning autonomous behavior with established clinical norms. These results underscore its potential to enhance the predictability, safety, and consistency of robotic endovascular interventions.
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