arXiv:2607.00398cond-mat.str-elcs.AI2026-07KDD

用生成注意力模型解决量子自旋系统难题,可零样本外推至更大系统。

Holographic Quantum Transformer: A Generalist Neuro-Symbolic Architecture for Solving Frustrated Systems via Generative Attention

论文配图:Holographic Quantum Transformer: A Generalist Neuro-Symbolic Architecture for Solving Frustrated Systems via Generative Attention
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 基于全连接自注意力机制捕捉非局域纠缠模式。
  • 在8×8格点上达到-0.5001(1)的能量精度,接近理论趋势。
  • 零样本外推技术实现快速大尺度系统初始化,无需重新训练。

二维受挫量子物质的模拟因符号问题和希尔伯特空间指数级复杂性而面临重大挑战。本文提出全息量子变换器(HQT),一种受物理启发的生成架构,利用全局自注意力解析非局域纠缠结构。在正方格点J₁-J₂海森堡模型上验证,于高度受挫的8×8格点量子临界点(J₂=0.5)处,每格点基态能量达到-0.5001(1),符合有限尺寸标度趋势。此外,HQT展现出内在物理感知能力,通过可解释的注意力图自动恢复出原始的J₂相互作用几何结构。核心贡献是“全息迁移”:一种零样本尺寸外推协议,通过连续位置嵌入插值与头重初始化,将8×8训练模型直接投影至10×10格点,实现高保真初始化并快速收敛,获得-0.49782(3)的能量,统计上与变分态最先进水平一致,且无需在目标格点上从头训练。结果确立生成注意力作为可扩展、可迁移量子模拟的新范式。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Simulating two-dimensional frustrated quantum matter is a grand challenge due to the sign problem and exponential Hilbert space complexity. In this work, we introduce the Holographic Quantum Transformer (HQT), a physics-inspired generative architecture that leverages global self-attention to resolve non-local entanglement patterns. We validate HQT on the square lattice $J_1-J_2$ Heisenberg model. On the heavily frustrated $8 \times 8$ lattice at the quantum critical point ($J_2=0.5$), HQT reaches a ground-state energy per site ($E/N$) of $\mathbf{-0.5001(1)}$, consistent with the expected finite-size scaling trend. Beyond numerical accuracy, HQT exhibits intrinsic physical awareness, autonomously recovering the underlying $J_2$ interaction geometry through interpretable attention maps. Our central contribution is ``Holographic Transfer", a zero-shot size-extrapolation protocol with rapid alignment: a model trained on $8 \times 8$ systems is directly projected onto larger $10 \times 10$ lattices via continuous positional-embedding interpolation and head re-initialization, achieving high-fidelity initialization and rapid convergence. This zero-shot protocol yields an energy of $E/N = \mathbf{-0.49782(3)}$, statistically consistent with the variational state of the art while requiring no from-scratch training on the target lattice. Our results establish generative attention as a scalable paradigm for transferable quantum simulation.

量子模拟生成模型注意力机制零样本外推

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