解决病理报告生成中的长尾分布偏见问题,提升小类器官生成质量。
Prior-Anchored Debiasing for Long-Tailed Multi-Organ Pathology Report Generation

- 用可学习的视觉原型锚点过滤头部类别的冗余特征。
- 构建器官专属元报告库,引导解码器避开头部类叙述模式。
- 在多器官数据集上显著提升尾部类别报告生成效果。
从全切片图像(WSIs)自动生成病理报告在数字病理学中日益受到关注。然而,现有方法主要针对单一器官场景,忽略了临床实践中常见的多器官场景,其中器官类型通常呈长尾分布。为此,我们识别出两个关键偏见:(1) 视觉表征偏见,编码器倾向于关注头部类别模式而非尾部类别的判别特征;(2) 文本解码偏见,解码器过度拟合头部类别的叙述模式,导致尾部类别输出诊断不可靠。为缓解这两类偏见,我们提出新的先验锚定多器官病理报告生成框架(PriOrGen)。具体而言,视觉原型锚定瓶颈模块利用信息瓶颈原理与可学习锚点表示,选择性保留诊断相关视觉信息,同时过滤头部偏见冗余。其次,元报告锚定库模块构建器官特异性元报告锚定库,并检索忠实于器官的文本先验,引导解码器远离头部类叙述模式。在多器官病理数据集上的大量实验表明,该方法有效缓解长尾偏见,在头尾类器官类别上均优于当前最优方法。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Automated pathology report generation from Whole Slide Images (WSIs) has attracted increasing attention in digital pathology. However, existing methods are predominantly developed under single-organ settings, overlooking the multi-organ scenarios encountered in clinical practice, where organ types typically follow a long-tailed distribution. To address this gap, we identify two critical biases: (1) visual representation bias, where the encoder favors head-class patterns over tail-class discriminative features, and (2) textual decoding bias, where the decoder overfits to head-class narrative patterns, yielding diagnostically unreliable outputs for tail-class organs. To mitigate these two biases, we propose a novel Prior-anchored multi-Organ pathology report Generation framework (PriOrGen). Specifically, a Visual-Prototype Anchored Bottleneck module leverages the information bottleneck principle with learnable anchor representations to selectively retain diagnostically relevant visual information while filtering out head-biased redundancy. Secondly, a Meta-Report Anchored Bank module constructs an organ-specific meta-report anchored bank and retrieves organ-faithful textual priors to steer the decoder away from head-class narrative patterns. Extensive experiments on a multi-organ pathology dataset demonstrate that our method effectively mitigates long-tail biases and achieves superior report generation performance across both head and tail organ categories compared to state-of-the-art methods.
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