通过软混合递归机制,让视觉Transformer更深更强,参数几乎不变
Soft Mixture-of-Recursions: Going Deeper with Recursive Vision Transformers

- 用可学习权重融合多层递归输出,充分利用中间表示
- 递归深度从1增至4,图像识别准确率提升2.65个百分点
- 模型更小却更强,参数仅为DeiT-B的27%
近期的递归Transformer研究主要通过跨计算步骤共享参数来构建紧凑、高效的模型。本文提出利用递归构建真正更深的Transformer,以增强表征能力。然而,在视觉Transformer中,单纯增加递归深度并不能可靠提升性能,因为现有方法未能充分使用递归过程中的中间表示。为此,本文提出软混合递归(Soft Mixture-of-Recursions, SoftMoR)及其视觉Transformer实现——软递归视觉Transformer(SR-ViT)。SoftMoR通过学习逐标记的混合权重,软性组合所有递归步的输出,使中间表示能够以可学习且灵活的方式被利用。在多种视觉任务中,随着递归深度增加,SR-ViT性能持续提升,且参数开销极小。在ImageNet-1K上,递归深度从1增至4,SR-ViT-S的Top-1准确率从79.83%提升至82.48%,仅增加170万参数,优于参数量大得多的DeiT-B,同时仅使用其约27%的参数。结果表明,SoftMoR为通过递归实现更深更强的Vision Transformers提供了一条高效路径。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Recent recursive Transformer studies have primarily reused shared parameters across computation steps to construct compact, parameter-efficient models. In this work, we leverage recursion to build effectively deeper Transformers with stronger representational capacity. However, in Vision Transformers, simply increasing recursion depth does not reliably improve performance, as existing recursive approaches do not fully utilize the intermediate representations produced throughout recursive computation. We propose Soft Mixture-of-Recursions (SoftMoR) and its Vision Transformer instantiation, Soft Recursive Vision Transformer (SR-ViT). SoftMoR learns token-wise mixture weights to softly combine outputs from all recursion steps, allowing intermediate representations to be utilized in a learnable and flexible way. Across diverse vision tasks, SR-ViT consistently improves as recursion depth increases with minimal parameter overhead. On ImageNet-1K, increasing recursion depth from 1 to 4 improves SR-ViT-S top-1 accuracy from 79.83% to 82.48% with only 1.7M additional parameters, outperforming the substantially larger DeiT-B while using approximately 27% of its parameters. These results demonstrate that SoftMoR provides a parameter-efficient path to deeper and stronger Vision Transformers through recursion.
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