arXiv:2607.01128cs.LGcs.NA2026-07

GAIA模型统一解决任意几何下的前向与反问题,无需重训练或迭代优化。

GAIA: Geometry-Adaptive Operator Learning for Forward and Inverse Problems

论文配图:GAIA: Geometry-Adaptive Operator Learning for Forward and Inverse Problems
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 通过几何令牌和交叉注意力让卷积核自适应局部几何特征
  • 在7个2D/3D基准上实现反问题与边值问题新纪录,误差降低超27%
  • 适用于复杂形状的物理模拟,尤其适合航空翼型重建等场景

在任意几何上对偏微分方程进行算子学习,可构建大规模仿真的快速神经代理模型。尽管近期几何自适应神经算子已取得显著进展,但主要针对输入输出在同一空间域的前向问题,限制了其在边界值问题(BVP)和反问题中的应用,因这些任务中输入输出可能位于不同域。本文提出几何自适应积分自编码器(GAIA),将域边界与内部场分布编码为几何令牌,并通过交叉注意力将这些令牌用于条件化积分变换层,使核函数能局部适配几何特征。该方法在单次前传中实现任意域上的前向(含BVP)与反问题求解,无需重新训练、迭代优化或图结构构建。我们在七个2D/3D基准上评估了GAIA,其中四个为新提出或显著扩展的反问题与BVP基准:电学阻抗断层成像、光学断层成像、变几何3D达西流,以及机械部件基准(MCB)的改良泊松方程边值问题。GAIA在所有反问题与BVP任务上均达到新最优结果,空气动力翼型重构的中位相对$L^2$误差减少64%,电学阻抗断层成像相比次优方法降低27%;在所有MCB形状类别上均超越所有基线。在其他前向问题上,GAIA性能媲美专用求解器,且在点分辨率变化下保持稳定,而基于Transformer的基线则性能下降。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Operator learning for partial differential equations (PDEs) on arbitrary geometries builds fast neural surrogates for large-scale simulation. Although recent geometry-adaptive neural operators have made substantial progress, they are mainly designed for forward problems in which inputs and outputs share the same spatial domain. This limits their applicability for boundary value problems (BVPs) and inverse problems, where inputs and outputs may live on different domains. We introduce the Geometry-Adaptive Integral Autoencoder (GAIA), an operator learning model that encodes the domain boundary and the interior field distribution into geometry tokens, and conditions integral transform layers on these tokens via cross-attention, allowing the kernel to adapt locally to geometric features. This yields a single architecture for forward (including BVPs) and inverse problems on arbitrary domains in one pass, without retraining, iterative optimization, or graph construction. We evaluate GAIA on seven 2D and 3D benchmarks, four of which are new or substantially extended benchmarks for inverse problems and BVP: electrical impedance tomography, optical tomography, 3D Darcy flow on varying geometries, and a modified setting of Poisson BVP on mechanical components benchmark (MCB). GAIA sets new state-of-the-art results on every inverse and BVP task, reducing median relative $L^2$ error by 64% on airfoil flow reconstruction and 27% on EIT relative to the next best amortized method, and outperforming all baselines on every shape category of MCB. On other forward problems, GAIA is competitive with specialized solvers while maintaining stable accuracy across point resolutions on which transformer-based baselines degrade.

算子学习反问题几何自适应PDE求解

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