用空中签名实现虚拟现实安全登录,无需设备、自然流畅。
Sign in the Air to Unlock: An Interface for authentication in Virtual and Augmented Reality Powered by Point-Voxel Cross-Attention Network
- 通过点-体素交叉注意力网络建模3D轨迹的局部动态与全局结构。
- 在公开数据集上错误率低至2.5%,在虚拟现实场景中识别准确率达76%。
- 适合注重隐私与沉浸感的虚拟/增强现实用户,尤其适合无设备交互场景。
虚拟现实(VR)与增强现实(AR)技术的快速发展及其在现代生活中的广泛应用,亟需安全、直观且支持具身交互的认证界面。传统密码、PIN码及设备登录方式破坏沉浸感并依赖外部硬件。现有基于3D行为的认证方法如手势、眼动追踪和脑电(EEG)虽有潜力,但常需专用传感器或限制自然动作,难以适应动态环境。本文提出「Sign in the Air to Unlock」空中签名认证界面,用户可自然地在三维空间中书写签名,该动作熟悉、个性化且可重复。为此,我们设计点-体素交叉注意力网络(PV-Net),联合建模3D轨迹的局部运动动态与全局空间结构。模型在两个数据集上评估:公开数据集DeepAirSig(40名用户共1,800个签名)和使用Meta Quest 2采集的新数据集ImmAirsig(22名用户共880个样本)。PV-Net在DeepAirSig上达到2.5%的等错误率,在ImmAirsig上分类准确率达76%。结果表明,3D行为认证界面可实现无缝、以用户为中心的安全认证,融合安全性与自然交互体验。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Significant advancement of immersive technologies such as Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR/AR) and their integration into diverse aspects of modern life need authentication interfaces that are secure, intuitive, and compatible with embodied interaction. Traditional methods such as passwords, PINs, and device-based logins, break immersion and rely on external hardware. Recent 3D-specific behavioral approaches, such as hand-gesture, eye-tracking, and electroencephalography (EEG)-based methods, offer promising alternatives but often require specialized sensors or constrain natural movement, limiting usability in dynamic environments. We present Sign in the Air to Unlock, an in-air signature interface that enables users to authenticate by signing naturally in 3D space which is a familiar, personal, and reproducible gesture. To realize this interface, we design a point-voxel Cross-Attention Network (PV-Net) that jointly models local motion dynamics and global spatial structure from 3D trajectories. The model is evaluated on two datasets: the public DeepAirSig dataset (1,800 signatures from 40 users) and ImmAirsig, a new dataset collected using Meta Quest 2 in immersive VR (880 samples from 22 users). PV-Net achieves an Equal Error Rate of 2.5% on DeepAirSig and 76% classification accuracy on ImmAirSig. These findings highlight the potential of 3D behavioral interfaces for seamless, user-centric authentication that merges security with natural interaction in immersive environments.
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