arXiv:2607.01523cs.LGcs.AI2026-07

提出多头记忆机制,解决长文本记忆丢失问题。

Multi-Head Recurrent Memory Agents

论文配图:Multi-Head Recurrent Memory Agents
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 将记忆拆分为独立头,分阶段选择更新,避免内容覆盖
  • 在896K token下记忆保留率从不足30%提升至73.96%
  • 无需训练、零额外开销,适配各类大模型和任务

循环记忆代理通过迭代整合输入来扩展大语言模型的上下文长度。尽管具备可扩展性,其端到端性能随上下文增长而系统性下降。我们通过分解性能为记忆捕获与记忆保留两个因素,定量验证保留是主要瓶颈:现有设计将记忆视为单一文本块,每次更新都可能覆盖已有内容。为此,我们提出多头循环记忆(MHM),一种通用且无需训练的框架,将记忆划分为独立头,并采用分阶段选择-更新策略。每步仅一个头被更新,其余头结构上屏蔽覆盖风险,将保留责任从模型行为转移至架构设计。作为轻量实现,我们引入最少更新时间优先的MHM-LRU,以零额外令牌开销保证均匀头使用。大量实验表明,MHM-LRU在10万至100万令牌范围内显著提升保留率与端到端准确率,基线在此区间急剧下降。在RULER-HQA 896K令牌任务中,记忆保留率由不足30%提升至73.96%。效果跨模型家族、规模和任务类型泛化,证明架构优化是实现可靠长上下文记忆的高效路径。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Recurrent memory agents extend LLMs to arbitrarily long contexts by iteratively consolidating input into a fixed-size memory window. Despite their scalability, these agents exhibit a well-documented reliability problem: end-to-end performance degrades systematically as context length grows. We diagnose this failure by decomposing performance into two factors--memory capture and memory retention--and quantitatively confirm that retention is the dominant bottleneck. Retention collapses because existing designs maintain memory as a monolithic text block, forcing every update to risk overwriting previously retained content. Motivated by this diagnosis, we propose Multi-Head Recurrent Memory (MHM), a general, training-free framework that partitions memory into independent heads governed by a stage-wise select-then-update strategy. At each step, exactly one head is selected for update while the remaining heads are structurally shielded from overwriting, shifting the burden of retention from model behavior to architectural design. As a lightweight instantiation, we introduce Least-Recently-Updated MHM (MHM-LRU), which guarantees uniform head utilization with zero additional token overhead. Extensive experiments on long-context benchmarks show that MHM-LRU substantially improves both retention and end-to-end accuracy across the 100K--1M token range, where baselines degrade sharply. On RULER-HQA at 896K tokens, MHM-LRU improves the memory retention rate from less than 30% to 73.96%. These gains generalize across model families, scales, and task types, positioning architectural optimization as a practical and cost-efficient path toward reliable long-context recurrent memory.

长文本记忆架构优化大模型

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