arXiv:2607.01555cs.CV2026-07

通过对数域对比与自适应形状优化,提升红外小目标检测精度与边界清晰度。

Boosting Infrared Small Target Detection via Logit-Domain Contrast and Adaptive Shape Refinement

论文配图:Boosting Infrared Small Target Detection via Logit-Domain Contrast and Adaptive Shape Refinement
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 在对数空间中增强目标与困难负样本的响应差异,提升弱目标识别能力。
  • 引入环形惩罚机制抑制幻影响应,改善模糊边界与过曝现象。
  • 无需额外计算开销,可无缝集成到现有检测器中,适合复杂场景应用。

红外小目标检测(IRSTD)因目标尺寸微小、信噪比低、前景-背景分布严重失衡以及复杂场景中边界模糊而面临挑战。现有方法多依赖激活后概率空间的监督,导致弱目标与强杂波的概率饱和且接近,限制了弱目标区分能力。同时,边界模糊和晕影式预测主要源于热扩散、目标尺度极小、边界不确定性及缺乏显式轮廓约束。为此,本文提出即插即用的判别性与形状感知损失AC-SLSIoU。具体地,引入对数域间隔约束(LDMC),在对数空间扩大目标与信息丰富困难负样本的响应差距,增强弱目标判别力;自适应边界抑制(ABS)采用尺度感知环形惩罚,精炼目标轮廓并抑制晕影溢出响应;此外,误报焦点损失为高置信度负样本赋予更大权重,进一步惩罚持续高置信度误报。该方法不增加推理开销,可无缝嵌入现有检测器,在多个骨干网络上一致提升检测精度与形状质量。大量实验与跨骨干评估验证了其有效性、鲁棒性与泛化能力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) remains challenging due to tiny target size, low signal-to-noise ratio, severe foreground-background imbalance, and blurred boundaries in complex scenes. Existing methods usually rely on post-activation probability-domain supervision for discrimination, where weak targets and strong clutter may produce saturated and close probabilities, limiting weak-target discrimination. Meanwhile, blurred boundaries and halo-like predictions mainly stem from thermal diffusion, tiny target scale, boundary uncertainty, and insufficient explicit contour constraints. To address these issues, we propose Adaptive-Contrastive SLSIoU (AC-SLSIoU), a plug-and-play discriminative and shape-aware loss for IRSTD. Specifically, a Logit-Domain Margin Constraint (LDMC) is introduced to enlarge the response gap between targets and informative hard negatives in the logit space, thereby enhancing weak-target discrimination. Adaptive Boundary Suppression (ABS) applies scale-aware annular penalties to refine target contours and suppress halo-like overflow responses. In addition, False-Alarm Focal Loss assigns larger weights to high-probability negative samples, further penalizing persistent high-confidence false alarms. Without introducing extra inference overhead, the proposed method can be seamlessly integrated into existing detectors and consistently improves both detection accuracy and shape quality. Extensive experiments and cross-backbone evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness, robustness, and generalization ability of the proposed method for infrared small target detection.

红外检测小目标形状优化损失函数

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