arXiv:2607.01621cs.AI2026-07

考虑观测几何差异,用图神经网络融合点、线、面观测数据重建降雨场。

Spatial Support Matters: Geometry-Aware Graph Fusion for Rainfall Field Reconstruction

论文配图:Spatial Support Matters: Geometry-Aware Graph Fusion for Rainfall Field Reconstruction
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 按观测类型(点/线/面)分层建模,通过跨支持消息传递融合信息。
  • 在新加坡数据上比传统插值方法RMSE降低23.2%,优于其他神经网络模型。
  • 可灵活预测任意位置,适合城市洪水建模中多源异构观测融合场景。

高分辨率降雨场重建对城市内涝模拟至关重要,但实际观测系统存在空间支撑不一致问题:雨量计测量点(0D),微波链路测量路径(1D),雷达/卫星产品测量网格区域(2D)。这些测量支撑的几何差异对降雨场施加了不同约束,而现有异构图方法仅在特征空间中融合数据,忽略其几何结构。本文提出一种几何感知的多支撑异构图神经网络,将每种观测按其支撑类型(0D点、1D线、2D格网)作为独立节点层表示,并通过跨支撑消息传递融合至点支撑预测层以重构场。采用归纳式掩码节点框架,使预测分辨率与传感分辨率解耦,同一模型可适用于用户定义的目标位置或显示网格。在新加坡数据上,该方法相较经典插值基线(反距离加权)的RMSE降低23.2%,并持续优于卷积融合和无支撑感知的异构图基线。悉尼数据的泛化研究揭示:多支撑融合的增益取决于雨量计间距与场空间相关长度的关系,在场未充分采样时提升最大,已充分采样时提升有限。代码与模型将在论文接受后开源。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Fine-scale rainfall reconstruction is critical for urban flood modeling, but real rainfall sensing systems observe the field through incompatible spatial supports: gauges measure points, microwave links measure paths, and radar/satellite products measure gridded areas. These differences in measurement support impose geometrically distinct constraints on the rainfall field, yet existing heterogeneous graph approaches reconcile such sources in feature space, giving each its own embedding while discarding the geometry of its support. We propose a geometry-aware multi-support heterogeneous graph neural network that represents each observation according to its support type (0D point, 1D line, or 2D grid) as a distinct node layer, and fuses them through cross-support message passing into a point-support prediction layer from which the field is reconstructed. An inductive masked-node formulation decouples prediction resolution from sensing resolution, allowing the same trained model to reconstruct the field at user-defined target locations or display grids. On Singapore data, the proposed method reduces RMSE by 23.2\% over the classical interpolation baseline, inverse-distance weighting, and consistently outperforms other neural architectures such as convolutional fusion and support-agnostic heterogeneous graph baselines. A generalization study using data from Sydney, Australia lets us characterize when multi-support fusion helps: the available skill appears to depend on gauge spacing relative to the spatial correlation length of the field, so fusion delivers the largest gains where the field is under-sampled relative to its correlation length and little when it is already resolved. Code and models will be open-sourced upon paper acceptance.

降雨重建图神经网络多源融合城市防洪

Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。