通过真实-仿真循环提升机器人强化学习效率,减少训练步数并提高成功率。
WorldSample: Closed-loop Real-robot RL with World Modelling

- 基于真实数据生成高保真仿真轨迹,构建真实与仿真闭环。
- 相比基线,成功率提升28%,训练步数减少59%。
- 适合接触密集、精度要求高的机器人操控任务研究者。
强化学习(RL)可通过试错交互克服模仿学习(IL)在示范覆盖范围上的局限性。然而,真实机器人上部署RL受限于高昂的交互成本,因为每次物理推演代价高且仅反映一条动作-结果路径。为此,我们提出WorldSample,一种基于真实-仿真闭环的数据增强框架,用于真实机器人强化学习。该框架以真实推演为起点,利用后训练的世界模型生成高保真合成过渡,显著降低视觉幻觉。不同于直接使用这些合成轨迹作为真实经验,WorldSample引入策略驱动学习(PPL),通过样本选择与调度调控训练过程,平衡有效增广与价值过估计,缓解幻觉带来的噪声。在涉及接触丰富且精确的任务中,实验表明WorldSample将策略成功率提升28%,训练步数减少59%。此外,世界模型在PSNR上比仅依赖示范的后训练提升19.4dB,SSIM提升0.47,验证了该闭环对策略与世界模型性能的双重有效性。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Reinforcement learning (RL) can overcome the demonstration-coverage limitation of imitation learning (IL) by allowing robots to improve through trial-and-error interaction beyond the states observed in demonstrations. However, deploying RL on real robots remains constrained by high interaction costs, since each physical rollout is costly and reflects only one realized action-outcome path. To address this challenge, we propose WorldSample, a physically grounded data augmentation framework for real-robot RL that closes a real-synthetic loop between physical rollouts, world-model generation, and policy improvement. Grounded on real rollouts, WorldSample generates high-fidelity synthetic transitions through a post-trained world model, which greatly lowers the visual hallucination. Specifically, rather than simply using these transitions as real-world experience, WorldSample introduces Policy-Paced Learning (PPL) to regulate the training process through sample selection and scheduling, balancing useful augmentation against value overestimation and mitigating the hallucination-induced noise. Experiments on robot manipulation tasks involving contact-rich and precise tasks show that WorldSample improves policy success rate by 28% while reducing training steps by 59% compared with baselines. Furthermore, WorldSample improves world model visual fidelity by 19.4dB in PSNR and 0.47 in SSIM over demonstration-only post-training, validating the effectiveness of the real-synthetic loop for both policy and world model performance.
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