通过边缘门控技术降低单光子探测器噪声，提升飞行时间测量精度。
Direct Time-of-Flight Measurement Accuracy Improvement With Perimeter-Gated SPADs
- 采用边缘门控结构抑制SPAD暗噪声，减少探测误差
- 实验表明，边框门控SPAD在自由运行与定时触发模式下均提升测距精度
- 适用于高精度激光雷达系统，尤其对弱光场景有显著改进
直接飞行时间（dToF）测量易受系统级与电路级时序抖动影响。此外，单光子雪崩二极管（SPAD）的暗噪声会带来器件级不确定性，累积成误差。本文证明，边缘门控可有效降低SPAD的探测不准确性，主要通过抑制暗噪声概率实现。我们构建了通用框架，用于精确估计不同信号源水平下的dToF抖动，并分析了常用计数型时间到数字转换器（TDC）电路。实验使用0.35 μm标准CMOS工艺制造的边框门控SPAD（pg-SPAD）进行dToF测量。结果表明，pg-SPAD在自由运行和定时门控模式下均可提升测量精度。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Direct time of flight (dToF) measurements are susceptible to errors because of system-level and circuit-level timing jitters. In addition, device-level uncertainty stemming from the dark noise of single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) contributes to the aggregated error. We demonstrate that perimeter gating can help reduce the device-level detection inaccuracy for SPAD devices by reducing the dark noise probability. Specifically, in this work, we developed a general framework to accurately estimate the dToF jitters stemming from different source levels and analyzed a counter-based time to digital converter (TDC) circuit that are commonly used in such systems. We have also measured dToFs using a perimeter-gated SPAD (pg-SPAD) detector fabricated in a 0.35 $μ$m standard CMOS process. Experimental results show that pg-SPADs can improve measurement accuracy in both free-running and time-gated operations.
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