从CT影像自动生成可直接用于仿真的心脏网格,支持大规模虚拟人群研究。
From Raw Segmentations to Simulation-Ready Cardiac Meshes: An Automated Framework for Anatomical Reconstruction and Virtual Cohort Generation

- 基于模板注册与距离变形,将原始分割结果快速转为高质量仿真网格。
- 在58例健康心脏数据上验证,生成的网格拓扑一致且支持点对点对应。
- 开源框架支持构建统计形状模型,适合做群体差异分析与虚拟试验。
计算心脏模型广泛用于研究电机械与流体力学功能,并支持体外临床试验等应用。然而,多数研究仅限于单个或患者特异性解剖结构,难以包含群体层面的变异性以进行不确定性量化。关键挑战在于将含伪影、网格缺陷或断开区域的医学图像分割结果,转化为适用于多物理场仿真的拓扑一致几何体。本文提出一个半自动流程,可在几分钟内将基于CT的分割结果转换为仿真就绪的心脏网格,同时保持解剖与拓扑一致性。该框架基于现代深度学习分割方法,引入基于模板的配准阶段以规整伪影并施加网格质量约束;采用切比雪夫距离形变策略,将高质量模板形变为每个个体心脏,匹配各心腔同时保留拓扑结构。最终网格具有封闭性、同胚性,并具备一致的点对点对应关系。该流程在58例健康心脏CT扫描数据上进行了验证,涵盖所有心腔及近端血管段。生成的网格可统一表示于形状空间,从而构建心脏与主要血管的统计形状模型。主成分分析表明,低维隐空间能高效捕捉群体变异;高斯混合建模支持合成解剖结构生成。总体而言,所提框架(已开源)实现了从原始分割到仿真可用几何的路径,为大规模体外研究提供解剖一致的虚拟人群。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Computational models of the human heart are widely used to study electromechanical and fluid-dynamical cardiac function and to support applications such as in silico clinical trials. However, most studies remain limited to single or patient-specific anatomies, restricting the inclusion of population-level variability required for uncertainty quantification. A key challenge is translating medical-image segmentations, which may contain artifacts, mesh defects or disjoint domains, into topologically coherent geometries suitable for multiphysics simulations. In this work, we present a semi-automatic pipeline that converts CT-based segmentations into simulation-ready cardiac meshes within a few minutes while preserving anatomical and topological consistency. Building on modern deep learning segmentation methods, the framework incorporates a template-based registration stage to regularize artifacts and enforce mesh-quality constraints. A Chamfer-distance morphing strategy deforms a high-quality template toward each segmented heart, matching individual chambers while preserving topology. The resulting meshes are watertight, isotopological, and endowed with consistent point-to-point correspondence. The pipeline is validated on 58 healthy cardiac CT scans, including all cardiac chambers and proximal vessel segments. The resulting meshes can be represented in a unified shape space, enabling the construction of a statistical shape model of the heart and major vessels. Principal Component Analysis shows that a low-dimensional latent space efficiently captures population variability, while Gaussian Mixture Modeling enables synthetic anatomy generation. Overall, the proposed framework (released open-source) provides a pathway from raw segmentations to simulation-ready cardiac geometries, enabling anatomically consistent virtual cohorts for large-scale in silico studies.
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