通过因果机制动态修正标签,让模型在模糊视觉中更准识别类别。
CV-DCLR: Causal-Visual Dynamic Label Refinement for Robust Zero-Shot Learning

- 用双流机制分离视觉与语义关联,避免误判相似外观的动物。
- 在高混淆数据上准确率提升12.3%,比现有方法更稳定。
- 适合做零样本识别、图像分类中抗混淆的场景应用。
零样本学习(ZSL)依赖共享语义空间实现知识迁移,但其核心瓶颈在于语义纠缠:视觉表征常与外观相似的概念混淆,如难以区分狼与哈士奇的内在特征。现有全局对齐方法普遍放大视觉与语义间的相关性,导致模型过拟合虚假相似性而非捕捉真实类属性。为此,我们提出因果-视觉动态标签精炼框架(CV-DCLR)。该框架不依赖表面视觉统计,而是通过双流互校机制重构视觉-语义关联:视觉似然流建模观察模式,因果重要性流通过反事实干预验证候选原型的结构性必要性。自适应门控机制动态调节特征响应,增强真正因果特征,抑制视觉合理但结构无关的干扰项。在CUB、SUN和AWA2基准上,经严格语义纠缠注入协议测试,CV-DCLR显著优于当前最优方法,在高歧义场景下表现稳健;当其他模型性能急剧下降时,本框架仍能有效剥离真实类身份与语义混淆因子。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) facilitates knowledge transfer via shared semantic spaces. However, a critical bottleneck in this paradigm is Semantic Entanglement, where visual representations are inevitably conflated with visually similar semantic concepts, such as distinguishing the intrinsic traits of a Wolf from the shared features of a Husky. Existing global alignment methods often indiscriminately maximize correlations between visual and semantic modalities, leading models to overfit spurious similarities rather than capturing distinctive class identities. To address this fundamental limitation, we propose the Causal-Visual Dynamic Label Refinement (CV-DCLR) framework. Unlike traditional approaches that rely on superficial visual statistics, CV-DCLR recalibrates visual-semantic associations via a Dual-Stream Mutual Correction Mechanism. This includes a Visual Likelihood Stream to model observational patterns and a Causal Importance Stream that verifies the structural necessity of candidate prototypes through Counterfactual Intervention. Acting as a logical filter, our adaptive gating mechanism dynamically modulates feature responses to amplify genuine causal traits while suppressing visually plausible but structurally irrelevant distractors. Extensive experiments on the CUB, SUN, and AWA2 benchmarks under a rigorous Semantic Entanglement Injection protocol demonstrate that CV-DCLR significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods in high-ambiguity scenarios. Specifically, while existing models suffer catastrophic degradation under entanglement, our framework maintains robust performance, effectively disentangling true class identities from semantic confounders.
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