用小波提升框架构建多尺度神经算子,同时捕捉全局与细节特征。
LiNO: Lifting based multiresolution neural operator

- 基于二代小波提升架构,自适应分解多尺度特征。
- 在多个物理方程上超越现有神经算子,包括纳维-斯托克斯方程。
- 适合需要精细结构建模的科学计算场景,如湍流与反应扩散系统。
神经算子近年来在直接从数据中学习微分方程解算子方面展现出良好前景,能够实现从参数场到解场的函数映射,从而预测一类解而非单一实例。然而,现有算子难以同时捕捉全局动态与细粒度结构。为此,本文提出基于小波提升方案的多分辨率神经算子(LiNO),通过参数化提升变换,直接从数据中学习多尺度分解。该提升变换具有自适应性且可精确逆向,确保信息无损。在提升后的多尺度空间中,算子分别演化粗粒度与方向性细节系数,实现对底层物理的尺度感知建模。我们在多个基准任务上评估了LiNO,涵盖达西流、泊松方程、奥利安-卡恩方程、可压缩纳维-斯托克斯方程及格雷-斯科特反应-扩散系统,覆盖多尺度现象、输运主导动力学和混沌系统。结果表明,相比最先进神经算子,LiNO在这些挑战性任务中表现优异,验证了自适应多尺度算子在科学机器学习中的潜力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Recently, neural operators have shown promising outcomes for learning solution operators of differential equations directly from data. This framework learns a functional mapping from the parameter field to the solution field, enabling the prediction of an entire class of solutions rather than a specific instance. However, existing operators often struggle to capture both global dynamics and fine-scale structure simultaneously. To design an effective operator capable of representing multiscale features, a hierarchical multiscale decomposition framework is required. In this study, we develop the Lifting Neural Operator (LiNO), a multiresolution operator built on the second-generation wavelet lifting scheme. LiNO learns a multiresolution decomposition directly from data by parameterizing the lifting transform. This lifting transformation is adaptive to the underlying solution function and exactly invertible by construction, enabling information-preserving multiscale operator learning. In the lifted multiresolution space, the operator evolves coarse and directional detail coefficients separately, resulting in scale-aware modeling of the underlying physics. We evaluate LiNO on several benchmarks, including Darcy flow, the Poisson equation, the Allen-Cahn equation, the compressible Navier-Stokes equation, and the Gray-Scott reaction-diffusion system. Together, these benchmarks cover a wide range of physical behaviors, including multiscale phenomena, transport-dominated dynamics, and chaotic systems. LiNO demonstrates strong performance on these challenging benchmarks compared with state-of-the-art neural operators. These results suggest that adaptive multiresolution operators provide a promising direction for scientific machine learning.
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