提出可调控的统一图像修复框架,解决多重退化交织难题。
CURE: Controllable Unified Image Restoration for Complex Degradations

- 通过解耦嵌入与混合比率,实现修复强度的连续控制。
- 在复合退化基准上达到顶尖性能,支持选择性或联合修复。
- 适配现有模型,无需修改架构,适合图像修复研究者。
复合退化带来显著挑战,因其潜在退化因素存在复杂且相互关联的交互作用。即使已知退化类型,准确恢复图像仍因效应交织及恢复过程需选择性控制而困难。为此,我们提出CURE,一种统一框架,通过学习解耦且可调的表示,在复杂退化场景中实现可控修复。CURE基于四个互补目标:首先,引入身份嵌入与重建约束,确保无需修复时能复现输入图像;其次,比例控制机制通过用户调节的混合比率融合身份嵌入与退化特异性嵌入,实现修复强度的连续调控;第三,中间损失监督分步输出,每步仅针对复合混合中单一退化因子进行去除;最后,置换不变损失保证模型在不同退化处理顺序下均能获得一致的修复质量。由于CURE仅修改训练策略而非网络架构,可无缝集成至现有可控修复模型。实验表明,CURE在复合退化基准上表现卓越,通过灵活调节嵌入比例,支持选择性与联合修复。代码与数据集见https://github.com/bo-oseng/CURE。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The presence of composite degradations poses a significant challenge, since the underlying corruption factors exhibit complex and interdependent interactions. Even when the degradation types are known, accurately restoring the image remains difficult due to the intertwined nature of their effects and the need for selective control during the recovery process. To address this, we introduce CURE, a unified framework that enables controllable restoration in complex degradation settings by learning disentangled and adjustable representations. CURE is driven by four complementary objectives. First, an identity embedding is incorporated, along with a reconstruction constraint, to ensure that the model can reproduce the input image when restoration is unnecessary. Second, the ratio control mechanism blends the identity embedding with degradation-specific embeddings using user-regulated mixing ratios, allowing continuous control over restoration intensity. Third, an intermediate loss is applied to supervise stepwise outputs, each encouraged to tackle the removal of only a single degradation factor within a composite mixture. Finally, a permutation-invariant loss ensures that the model achieves consistent restoration quality regardless of the order in which multiple degradations are addressed. Since CURE modifies only the training strategy and not the underlying network architecture, it can be seamlessly integrated into existing controllable restoration models. Experiments demonstrate that CURE delivers state-of-the-art performance on composite degradation benchmarks, while enabling both selective and jointly fused restoration through flexible modulation of embedding ratios. The code and dataset are available at https://github.com/bo-oseng/CURE.
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