用生成模型解决惯性导航噪声问题,提升定位精度与稳定性。
PedestrianDiffusion: Multimodal Generative Denoising and Dense State Estimation for Inertial Navigation

- 将6维状态估计转为频域生成去噪过程,稳定轨迹
- 在多个数据集上实现顶尖性能,抗干扰能力显著
- 适合边缘设备部署,适用于复杂环境下的高精度导航
消费级惯性导航的精度受限于微机电系统(MEMS)的随机噪声。传统确定性神经架构常出现“估计抖动”,以牺牲高频运动保真度换取数值稳定。本文提出PedestrianDiffusion,一种多模态频域生成框架,将密集6维状态估计重构为连续条件去噪过程。通过频域操作,该方法约束谱协方差,作为数学预处理器稳定反向扩散轨迹。同时引入零样本语义条件机制,利用视觉-语言嵌入作为类别先验,实现对异构传感器噪声分布的泛化。为应对生成跟踪的计算瓶颈,采用单步确定性概率流常微分方程求解器(T=1),实现高容量异步批处理轨迹优化,在边缘硬件上具备可行性。在OxIOD、RIDId、RoNIN和TLIO基准上的大量实验表明,PedestrianDiffusion达到当前最优性能,对脉冲扰动和耦合6维运动漂移表现出前所未有的鲁棒性。本工作为下一代神经惯性测量单元(N-IMUs)提供了严谨的算法蓝图。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The accuracy of consumer-grade inertial navigation is bottlenecked by the stochastic noise of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS). Traditional deterministic neural architectures often succumb to ``estimation jittering,'' sacrificing high-frequency kinematic fidelity for numerical stability. We propose PedestrianDiffusion, a multimodal spectral-domain generative framework reformulating dense 6D state estimation as a continuous conditional denoising process. By operating in the frequency domain, our formulation bounds the spectral covariance, acting as a mathematical preconditioner to stabilize the reverse diffusion trajectory. Furthermore, we introduce a zero-shot semantic conditioning mechanism leveraging vision-language embeddings as categorical priors to generalize across heterogeneous sensor noise profiles. To address the computational intractability of generative tracking, we deploy a single-step deterministic probability flow ODE solver ($T=1$). This yields high-capacity asynchronous batch trajectory refinement, establishing the viability of generative architectures for asynchronous batch trajectory refinement on edge hardware. Extensive evaluations on the OxIOD, RIDI, RoNIN, and TLIO benchmarks demonstrate that PedestrianDiffusion achieves state-of-the-art performance, exhibiting unprecedented robustness to impulse perturbations and coupled 6D kinematic drift. This work provides a rigorous algorithmic blueprint for next-generation Neural Inertial Measurement Units (N-IMUs).
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