韩语中'ETM'不是关系从句标志，而是多种修饰结构共用的形态标记。
Annotating Korean adnominal ending constructions in corpus data: Beyond relative-clause identification
- 基于谓词类型、助词结构等五类特征构建了构造区分体系
- 39.4%的ETM实例为类关系从句，其余多为形容词、连系动词等结构
- 提出可操作的标注层，助力语法树库精准分析修饰关系
韩语中名词修饰语标记'ETM'出现在多种结构中，包括类关系从句、形容词、连系动词、绑定名词、词法化表达等。本文认为'ETM'并非直接表征关系从句结构，而是多个名词修饰结构共用的形态表现。我们提出一种基于语料库的分类体系，通过谓词类型、助词结构、论元结构兼容性、核心名词限制和词法模式等五个维度区分不同构造。该分类体系被实现为针对KLUE依存树库的构造敏感标注层，采用有序规则系统并经人工验证评估。分析显示，具有类关系从句特征的使用占39.4%，其余主要为形容词、连系动词、绑定名词、情态、时间及固定搭配等构造。研究结果表明，仅凭名词形态无法准确识别韩语类关系从句修饰。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The Korean adnominal ending \texttt{ETM} occurs in diverse noun-modifying constructions, including relative-clause-like modifiers, adjectival and copular forms, bound-noun constructions, and lexicalized expressions. This paper argues that \texttt{ETM} is not a direct marker of relative-clause structure, but a morphological exponent shared by several adnominal constructions. We propose a corpus-based typology that distinguishes these constructions using predicate type, auxiliary structure, argument-structural compatibility, head-noun restriction, and lexicalized patterns. We operationalize the typology as a construction-sensitive annotation layer for the KLUE dependency treebank, implemented through an ordered rule-based procedure and evaluated by manual validation. Productive relative-clause-like uses account for 39.4\% of the analyzed instances; the remainder consists mainly of adjectival, copular, bound-nominal, modal, temporal, and collocational constructions. The findings show that Korean relative-clause-like modification cannot be identified from adnominal morphology alone.
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