arXiv:2607.03738cs.CVcs.AI2026-07

研究多模态模型生成时注意力如何随时间变化,发现关键信息触发注意力高峰。

Attending to Multimodal Generation One Token at a Time

论文配图:Attending to Multimodal Generation One Token at a Time
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 逐词追踪模型对图像、文本、指令和已生成内容的注意力变化。
  • 图像注意力在需视觉信息时达峰值,指令在任务切换时被重新关注。
  • 提出干预方法提升关键时刻的模态注意力,显著改善生成效果。

多模态大语言模型(MLLM)采用自回归方式生成响应,逐步融合视觉与语言信息。现有可解释性研究多聚焦于单层或电路层面(何处),对生成过程中注意力随时间演化的动态(何时)关注不足。本文提出‘逐词分析’(OTaT)方法,系统追踪模型对图像、文本、指令及先前生成词汇的注意力分布。设计需在单个响应中频繁切换视觉与文本上下文的多模态任务,在两种主流模型家族和四款不同规模的开源权重MLLM上验证了稳定模式:图像注意力在需要视觉信息的词处达到峰值,指令在任务转换时被重新激活,而对已生成内容的注意力随生成进程持续上升。因果注意力阻断实验证实这些趋势具有功能性。当注意力被干扰时,模型表现出回归语言先验、跨模态泄漏、否认或恢复等行为。基于此分析,我们提出一种简单的测试阶段干预策略,在正确时机增强相关模态注意力,显著提升多模态任务表现。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) generate responses autoregressively, integrating visual and linguistic information in an evolving context. Prior work on interpretability has focused on individual layers and circuits (where), leaving the token-level dynamics of multimodal computation during generation (when) underexplored. We address this gap and study attention shifts as per semantic role; tracking model attention to image, text, instruction, and previously generated tokens, One Token at a Time (OTaT). We introduce multimodal tasks that require explicit switching between visual and textual context within a single response. Across two mainstream model families and four open-weight MLLMs of varying sizes, we establish consistent patterns: attention to image peaks at tokens requiring image-derived information, instruction tokens are revisited during task transitions, and attention to previously generated tokens increases as the generation progresses. Causal attention blocking interventions validate the functional role of these trends. We profile model behavior under disrupted attention and observe responses falling back to language priors, or exhibiting cross-modal leakage, denial, or recovery. Finally, informed of the attention dynamics through our novel analysis, we propose a simple test-time intervention to boost attention to the relevant modality at the right time, significantly improving multimodal task performance.

多模态注意力机制生成模型可解释性

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