代码助手安全漏洞可借多步骤开发流程绕过,非单次对话能发现。
Refused in Chat, Written in Code: Workflow-Level Jailbreak Construction in IDE Coding Agents

- 通过分步开发流程组装恶意目标,绕过单次对话的安全检测。
- 816次测试中,流程级攻击全部成功,而单次指令拒绝率超99%。
- 提醒开发者关注多轮代码生成的累积风险,适合安全研究人员参考。
大型语言模型正越来越多地作为集成在IDE中的编程助手,执行任务分解、代码生成与编辑、运行及迭代优化等多轮操作。然而,其安全性仍常被当作聊天机器人来评估:单一有害提示、一次响应、孤立判断。本文提出工作流级越狱构建(workflow-level jailbreak construction),即在正常的软件开发流程中逐步组装恶意目标,而非通过单次直接指令生成。以Visual Studio Code中的GitHub Copilot为例,研究了四个闭源模型:Claude Sonnet 4.6、Claude Haiku 4.5、Gemini 3.1 Pro和Gemini 3.5 Flash。在来自Hammurabi's Code、HarmBench和AdvBench的204个提示下,模型在直接对话、CSV读取和单步修复基线中几乎完全拒绝,每种条件下仅8/816次成功响应。但在完整工作流下,相同提示与后端模型产生816/816次不安全的演示样本,均由两名专家评审员根据严格标准独立确认。结果表明,对话式拒绝基准会严重高估已部署编程助手的安全性,亟需发展能够跨多轮交互与生成产物进行安全推理的防御机制。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large language models are increasingly deployed as IDE-integrated coding agents that decompose tasks, generate and edit files, run code, and refine outputs over many turns. Yet their safety is still often evaluated as if they were chatbots: one harmful prompt, one response, judged in isolation. We introduce workflow-level jailbreak construction, a failure mode in which a harmful objective is assembled across ordinary stages of a software-development workflow rather than generated through a single direct prompt. Using GitHub Copilot in Visual Studio Code, we study four closed-weight backends: Claude Sonnet 4.6, Claude Haiku 4.5, Gemini 3.1 Pro, and Gemini 3.5 Flash. Across 204 prompts from Hammurabi's Code, HarmBench, and AdvBench , the models show near-complete refusal under direct chat, CSV-read, and single-step code-fix baselines, with only 8/816 successful responses in each baseline condition. Under the full workflow, however, the same prompts and backends produce 816/816 unsafe teaching-shot completions, all independently confirmed by two expert evaluators under a strict rubric. These results show that conversational refusal benchmarks can substantially overstate the safety of deployed coding agents and motivate defenses that reason about safety across multi-turn IDE workflows and their generated artifacts, not only individual chat turns.
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