让物联网具备自主思考与行动能力，迈向智能代理时代
Agentic IoT: Architectures, Applications, and Challenges Toward the Internet of Agents
- 将自主智能体能力融入物联网，实现感知-推理-决策闭环
- 构建跨设备/边缘/云的分布式认知系统，支持实时协同
- 适合研究智能系统、边缘计算及多智能体协同的学者
人工智能与物联网（AIoT）的融合正推动其从被动数据采集架构向具备异常检测、预测性维护、分类、预测与优化能力的智能系统演进。然而，现有方案多依赖特定任务模型，难以实现实时推理、自适应规划、自主协调、持续学习、工具使用与情境化决策等系统级能力。本文提出新一代认知物联网范式——智能体物联网（Agentic IoT），将自主智能体的感知、推理、规划、学习与执行能力与信息物理系统深度融合。该范式旨在将物联网由以数据为中心的传感与推断基础设施，转变为在设备-边缘-雾-云连续体上运行的分布式认知代理生态系统。论文首先阐明这一转变的本质是范式革新，厘清其与AIoT、边缘智能、多智能体系统及智能体互联网的关系；随后系统综述现有研究，提出统一架构框架，探讨各领域应用潜力，并识别关键技术、运营及研究挑战，给出未来发展方向。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The integration of AI into Internet of Things (AIoT) systems has gradually transformed them from passive data collection infrastructures into intelligent systems capable of anomaly detection, predictive maintenance, classification, forecasting, and optimization. However, most existing solutions still rely on task-specific models that infer from sensor data; thus, system-wide capabilities such as real-time reasoning, adaptive planning, autonomous coordination, learning, tool use, and contextual decision-making remain limited. This paper examines Agentic IoT as a next-generation cognitive IoT paradigm that integrates the perception, reasoning, planning, learning, and action capabilities of autonomous AI agents with cyber-physical systems. Agentic IoT aims to transform IoT from data-centric sensing and inference infrastructures into distributed cognitive agent ecosystems operating across the device/edge-fog-cloud continuum. The paper first grounds this transition as a paradigm shift and positions Agentic IoT in relation to AIoT, edge intelligence, multi-agent systems, and the Internet of Agents. It then systematically reviews current studies, presents a holistic architectural framework, discusses domain-specific application potential, and identifies key technical, operational, and research challenges together with future research directions.
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