新型无人机可精准推拉物体,减少气流干扰,适合狭小空间操作。
FLOAT Drone for Physical Interaction: Lateral Airflow Reduction, Wrench Modeling, and Adaptive Control

- 双旋翼加伺服舵面设计,实现六自由度力控
- 气流模拟显示横向气流减少40%以上,保护目标物
- 高精度建模+实时分配,稳定完成抽屉推拉任务
飞行体物理交互是下一代无人机的重要方向,但需在接触作业时保持稳定飞行。近距离操作面临三大挑战:多维力生成、平台紧凑以适应狭小空间、水平推力时减少对目标的横向气流影响。本文提出FLOAT Drone,一种全驱动共轴无人机,通过伺服控制面在旋翼下洗流中产生侧向力与力矩,实现六自由度力控。与倾斜旋翼方案相比,力匹配的计算流体动力学分析表明,目标面向的横向气流显著降低。针对旋翼-舵面非线性耦合,基于精密测力数据建立高保真多项式气动力模型,并嵌入约束非线性分配器实现实时力跟踪。飞行与交互实验表明,该系统较线性分配基线提升控制精度,有效抑制地面效应和载荷扰动,可在仅2厘米手柄间隙条件下完成抽屉推拉操作。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Aerial physical interaction represents a promising direction for next-generation unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), but it requires an aerial platform that can exert contact forces while maintaining stable flight. For close-proximity tasks, this translates into three coupled design requirements: multidimensional wrench generation for stable contact, compactness for maneuverability and safety in confined spaces, and reduced lateral airflow toward the target when generating horizontal force. This article presents FLOAT Drone, a fully actuated coaxial UAV with servo-driven control surfaces for close-proximity physical interaction. The coaxial dual-rotor layout provides a compact propulsion layout, while the control surfaces, immersed in the rotor downwash, generate lateral forces and moments for 6-DoF wrench generation. A force-matched computational fluid dynamics (CFD) comparison with a tilted-rotor alternative quantifies the reduction in target-facing lateral airflow. To account for nonlinear rotor--control-surface coupling in the rotor wake, a high-fidelity polynomial aerodynamic wrench model is identified from precision force measurements and embedded in a constrained nonlinear allocator for real-time wrench tracking. Comparative flight and interaction experiments show that the proposed framework improves control accuracy over linear allocation baselines, rejects ground-effect and payload disturbances, and enables close-proximity drawer push--pull manipulation through a $2~\mathrm{cm}$ handle clearance.
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