通过分步组织示范数据,提升视觉语言动作模型的机器人操作学习效率。
Simple-to-Complex Structured Demonstrations for Vision-Language-Action Learning
- 将复杂任务分解为渐进式可学子技能,按难度递增组织示范数据。
- 在块抓取和毛巾折叠任务中,成功率提升且训练更稳定。
- 适合需要长时序操作的机器人学习场景,对数据构建有实用指导意义。
视觉-语言-动作(VLA)模型在机器人操作中表现出强大能力,融合了视觉感知、语言理解和动作生成。现有研究多关注模型架构、训练策略和数据集规模,却忽视了示范数据的收集与组织方式。本文指出示范组织是模仿学习中的基础但被忽略的环节,直接影响策略学习效率、训练稳定性和泛化能力。为此,提出一种基于双臂机器人平台的由简到繁结构化示范收集策略,遵循三项原则:(i) 将复杂操作任务分解为逐步可学的子技能;(ii) 标准化交互环境以减少冗余变异性;(iii) 按任务复杂度递增组织示范。该设计使VLA模型先掌握基础操作技能,再学习复杂任务组合,从而更高效地学习长时序操作任务。在块抓取和毛巾折叠两个代表性任务上评估,结果表明相比直接收集端到端完整轨迹的基线方法,任务成功率持续提升,训练稳定性显著增强。研究强调示范组织是此前未被充分重视但关键的影响因素,为高效技能获取、可扩展数据构建及长时序机器人操作提供了实践启示。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated strong capabilities in robotic manipulation by integrating visual perception, language understanding, and robot action generation. Existing research has primarily focused on improving model architectures, training strategies, and dataset scale, while little attention has been paid to how demonstrations are collected and organized. We identify demonstration organization as a fundamental yet overlooked aspect of imitation learning, as it directly affects policy learning efficiency, training stability, and policy generalization. To address this gap, we propose a simple-to-complex structured demonstration collection strategy for VLA learning using a dual-arm robotic platform. Our approach systematically organizes data through three general principles: (i) decomposing complex manipulation tasks into progressively learnable sub-skills, (ii) standardizing the interaction environment to reduce unnecessary variability, and (iii) organizing demonstrations according to progressively increasing task complexity. This structured design enables VLA models to first acquire fundamental manipulation skills before learning increasingly complex task compositions, facilitating more effective learning of long-horizon manipulation tasks. We evaluate the proposed strategy on two representative robotic manipulation tasks: block grasping and sorting, and towel folding. Experimental results show consistent improvements in task success rate and training stability compared with the baseline method of directly collecting end-to-end complete task trajectories. These findings highlight demonstration organization as a previously underexplored but important factor in VLA learning and provide practical insights into efficient skill acquisition, scalable dataset construction, and long-horizon robotic manipulation.
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