arXiv:2607.04605cs.IRcs.AI2026-07被引 1

提出SaMer框架,让视觉令牌合并更懂物体,提升图文检索效率与准确率。

Do All Visual Tokens Matter Equally? Object-Evidence Preserving Token Merging for Vision-Language Retrieval

论文配图:Do All Visual Tokens Matter Equally? Object-Evidence Preserving Token Merging for Vision-Language Retrieval
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 基于物体标注指导合并,避免跨对象信息混淆。
  • 压缩93%以上图像令牌,存储减少16倍,检索精度反而提升。
  • 适合追求高效且精准的多向量图文检索系统部署。

多向量图文检索通过最大相似度后期交互保留细粒度视觉证据,但图像侧密集令牌导致存储与计算开销大。现有压缩方法虽降低开销,却可能移除或合并未来查询需要选择的物体与区域级证据。我们提出SaMer,一种面向物体的令牌合并框架,在不改变原有后期交互接口的前提下,将图像侧后投影令牌压缩为$K$个代表性中心点。训练时仅使用物体标注作为合并先验,推理时无需真实框或检测器,仅微调共享投影层,冻结视觉与语言主干。当$K=64$时,SaMer去除超过93%的图像侧令牌,使ColPali存储减少$16.09\times$,同时在Flickr30K和MSCOCO上提升R@1性能。优势源于对查询可选物体证据的保留,而剪枝或特征池化会破坏此类证据。SaMer还优于压缩基线,展现出更强短语级定位能力,表明高效多向量检索不仅需减少令牌数,更要保留未来查询所需的关键证据。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Multi-vector vision-language retrieval preserves fine-grained visual evidence through maximum-similarity late interaction, but dense image-side tokens make storage and scoring expensive. Existing token compression methods reduce this cost, yet they can remove or collapse object- and region-level evidence that future query tokens may need to select. We propose SaMer, an object-aware token merging framework that compresses image-side post-projector tokens into $K$ representative centroids while preserving the original late-interaction interface. SaMer uses object annotations only during training as a merge prior to discourage cross-instance mixing, requires no ground-truth bounding boxes or detectors at inference time, and adapts only the shared projection layer with frozen vision and language backbones. With $K=64$, SaMer removes more than 93% of image-side tokens and reduces ColPali storage by $16.09\times$, while improving R@1 on Flickr30K and MSCOCO. These gains arise because object-aware merging preserves query-selectable object evidence that pruning or feature-only pooling can remove or collapse. SaMer also outperforms compression baselines and shows stronger phrase-level grounding, suggesting that efficient multi-vector retrieval depends not only on reducing token count, but on preserving the evidence future query tokens need to select.

视觉语言令牌压缩检索优化物体感知

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