arXiv:2607.04739cs.RO2026-07

根据观察敏感度动态调整机器人动作执行时长,提升响应速度与效率。

Spatial Attention: Adapting Execution Horizons for Diffusion Policies via Observation Sensitivity

论文配图:Spatial Attention: Adapting Execution Horizons for Diffusion Policies via Observation Sensitivity
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用观察敏感度衡量动作分布对环境变化的反应强度,指导执行时长调整。
  • 在相同采样预算下,高敏感度阶段执行时长缩短,成功率显著提升。
  • 适用于需要快速响应的机器人任务,尤其适合真实场景中的不确定性环境。

通过生成模型采样动作片段已成为机器人示范学习的主流方法。然而,现有方法通常难以平衡响应速度与计算成本,因其对每个动作片段采用固定的执行时长。本文提出基于观察敏感度的空间注意力机制(Spatial Attention),定义为动作对数似然关于观测值梯度的期望平方范数,反映策略动作分布对观测变化的敏感程度。我们证明,在固定片段采样预算下,累积似然下降最小的最优执行时长随空间注意力增加而减小。通过预测未来空间注意力值并动态分配执行时长,高敏感度阶段采用较短时长,低敏感度阶段采用较长时长。在标准与扰动任务中,涵盖仿真与真实机器人实验,本方法在保持平均执行时长不变的前提下,显著优于固定时长基线方法的成功率。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Sampling action chunks via generative models has become a widely adopted methodology for robotic learning from demonstration. However, existing methods often struggle to balance responsiveness and computational cost because they execute each action chunk for a fixed execution horizon. In this paper, we adaptively adjust the execution horizon of sampled action chunks, balancing responsiveness and computational efficiency. We introduce Spatial Attention -- defined as the expected squared norm of the gradient of the action log-likelihood with respect to the observation -- which indicates the sensitivity of the policy's action distribution to variations in the observation. We show that, under a fixed budget of chunk samplings, the execution horizon that minimizes the cumulative likelihood drop induced by disturbances decreases as Spatial Attention increases. By forecasting future Spatial Attention values alongside the action chunk, our framework dynamically assigns shorter execution horizons to phases with high Spatial Attention, and longer horizons to phases with low Spatial Attention. Experiments on standard and perturbed tasks, in both simulation and on a real robot, show that our method significantly improves success rates over fixed-horizon baselines while maintaining the average execution horizon.

扩散策略空间注意力机器人控制自适应执行

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