为分散图数据设计个性化隐私保护框架,兼顾隐私与数据可用性。
Towards Personalized Differentially Private Learning for Decentralized Local Graphs

- 根据用户偏好分配不同隐私预算,动态调整扰动强度
- 在6个真实数据集上实现隐私与效用的更好平衡
- 适合注重隐私差异化的社交网络、边缘计算场景
图结构数据正越来越多地生成并存储在去中心化环境(如社交平台、移动应用和边缘网络)中,用户掌控本地图数据。然而,为下游学习任务收集和分析此类数据会引发重大隐私风险,因节点及其属性常包含敏感个人信息。本地差分隐私(LDP)已成为无需可信服务器即可实现隐私保护数据收集的有前景方案。但现有基于LDP的图学习方法通常假设所有用户具有统一隐私要求,忽视了现实系统中普遍存在的异构个性化隐私偏好。这种统一处理导致数据收集阶段噪声注入僵化,造成图数据显著失真,降低后续分析效用。为解决此问题,我们提出PPGNN,一种面向去中心化图数据的个性化差分隐私框架。PPGNN在本地扰动阶段支持用户级隐私预算,同时保持分析效用。为应对异构隐私水平和噪声失真,设计两阶段方案:个性化扰动机制(PPM)与加权校准策略(FlexProp)。在六个真实图数据集上的大量实验表明,PPGNN在去中心化图学习场景中有效平衡了个性化隐私保护与数据效用。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Graph-structured data is increasingly generated and stored in decentralized environments, such as social platforms, mobile applications, and edge networks, where users maintain control over their local graph data. However, collecting and analyzing such decentralized graph data for downstream learning tasks raises significant privacy concerns, as nodes and their attributes often contain sensitive personal information. Local Differential Privacy (LDP) has emerged as a promising solution for privacy-preserving data collection without relying on trusted servers. Nevertheless, existing LDP-based graph learning methods typically assume uniform privacy requirements across users, ignoring the heterogeneous and personalized privacy preferences commonly observed in real-world systems. This uniform treatment leads to inflexible noise injection at the data collection stage, resulting in substantial distortion of graph data and degraded utility in subsequent analysis. To address this limitation, we propose PPGNN, a personalized differentially private framework for decentralized graph data. PPGNN enables user-specific privacy budgets during local perturbation while preserving analytical utility. To handle heterogeneous privacy levels and noise distortion, we design a two-stage solution consisting of a Personalized Perturbation Mechanism (PPM) and a weighted calibration strategy, FlexProp. Extensive experiments on six real-world graph datasets demonstrate that PPGNN effectively balances personalized privacy protection and data utility in decentralized graph learning scenarios.
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