新基准通过哈密顿量结构诊断量子电路搜索缺陷
HamQASBench: A Hamiltonian-Informed Diagnostic Benchmark for Evaluating Quantum Architecture Search
- 按哈密顿量结构分5级，用泡利基、计算基和纠缠度指纹组织11个分子
- 发现传统能量指标忽略的5类失败模式，如过度参数化与拓扑路由失败
- 适合研究量子电路搜索的算法开发者，尤其关注结构可靠性者
量子架构搜索（QAS）自动化设计变分量子算法的参数化量子线路，但现有基准仅按分子种类或量子比特数组织实例，忽视哈密顿量结构，并仅依赖能量精度，无法检测如近产品态上过度参数化的结构性错误。本文提出哈密顿量导向的诊断基准HamQASBench，将11个分子按泡利算符基、计算基表示及基态纠缠度指纹划分为五个结构层级。事后关键结构提取程序识别出每层级所需的最简电路，补充能量评估，引入逐量子比特纠缠分析与成对态保真度。在四种范式下对五种QAS方法的基准测试揭示了传统指标无法察觉的失败模式：极简区过度参数化、简并情况下的本征态锁定、强关联系统中的表示瓶颈、拓扑导致的路由失败，以及电路搜索空间增长带来的可扩展性瓶颈。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Quantum Architecture Search (QAS) automates the design of parameterized quantum circuits for variational quantum algorithms, yet existing benchmarks organize instances by molecular identity or qubit count -- criteria agnostic to Hamiltonian structure -- and rely solely on energy accuracy, which cannot detect structural failures such as over-parameterization on near-product ground states. We introduce HamQASBench, a Hamiltonian-informed diagnostic benchmark organizing 11 molecules into five structural tiers via fingerprints derived from the Pauli operator basis, computational basis representation, and ground-state entanglement. A post-hoc critical-structure extraction procedure identifies minimal circuits consistent with each tier's requirements, complementing energy-based evaluation with per-qubit entanglement analysis and pairwise state fidelity. Benchmarking five QAS methods across four paradigms reveals failure modes invisible to conventional metrics: over-parameterization in the minimalism regime, eigenstate commitment under degeneracy, a representation bottleneck in strongly correlated systems, topology-induced routing failure, and circuit search space growth as a scalability bottleneck.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品；中文卡片由大模型生成，请以原文为准。