用自然语言生成可生产的机械装配体,让设计更智能可靠。
ASSEMCAD: Production-Ready CAD Assembly Generation from Natural Language

- 基于工程公理构建装配规范,显式定义组件关系
- 生成装配体在物理一致性上提升67%以上,且可验证
- 适合工业界快速构建可复用的参数化零件工厂
大型语言模型与程序化CAD的进步显著提升了单个零件的文本到CAD生成能力,但面向生产环境的机械装配体生成仍面临挑战。与单个零件建模不同,装配体需协调多个组件、功能接口、装配关系、工程原理和物理一致性。直接生成可执行的CAD代码不足以保证机械有效性和可复用性。本文提出AssemCAD,一种基于公理的生产级装配体生成框架。不同于将装配体视为整体代码,AssemCAD首先构建由类型化零件、几何支撑端口、可执行配对关系和工程公理组成的轴向装配规范。每个装配关系均显式基于一个或多个工程原理,使规范具备可解释性、可复用性和可验证性。为实现该规范,AssemCAD引入基于端口与配对的CAD装配库,通过确定性配对变换执行符号化装配关系,并利用具体的B-Rep几何证据验证声明接口。在此基础上,AssemCAD支持按需合成适用于标准与开放世界几何的可复用参数化零件工厂。在AssemBench上的实验表明,AssemCAD在装配体保真度和物理有效性上显著优于以代码为中心的基线方法,且对不同基础模型骨干具有泛化能力。通过结合公理驱动的装配推理与确定性几何执行,AssemCAD将文本到CAD从孤立零件生成推进至生产级机械装配设计。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Recent advances in large language models and programmatic CAD have significantly improved Text-to-CAD generation for individual parts. However, production-ready mechanical assembly generation remains largely unsolved. Unlike single-part modeling, assemblies require coordinated reasoning over multiple components, functional interfaces, assembly relations, engineering principles, and physical consistency. Consequently, directly generating executable CAD code is insufficient for constructing mechanically valid and reusable assemblies. We present AssemCAD, an axiom-grounded framework for production-ready CAD assembly generation from natural language. Instead of representing an assembly as monolithic CAD code, AssemCAD first constructs an axiomatic Assembly Specification consisting of typed parts, geometry-backed ports, executable mates, and engineering axioms. Each assembly relation is explicitly grounded in one or more engineering principles, making the resulting specification interpretable, reusable, and verifiable. To realize this specification, AssemCAD introduces a port- and mate-based CAD assembly library that executes symbolic assembly relations through deterministic mate transformations and validates declared interfaces using concrete B-Rep geometric evidence. Built on this representation and library, AssemCAD further supports on-demand synthesis of reusable parametric component factories for both standard and open-world geometries. Experiments on AssemBench show that AssemCAD substantially improves assembly preservation and physical validity over code-centric CAD generation baselines, while generalizing across different foundation-model backbones. By combining axiom-grounded assembly reasoning with deterministic geometric execution, AssemCAD extends Text-to-CAD from isolated part generation toward production-ready mechanical assembly design.
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