arXiv:2607.05187cs.LGcs.AR2026-07

用机器学习+蒙特卡洛加速电路老化分析,快94%还准。

SMART: A Machine Learning and Monte Carlo Framework for Rapid Analysis of Stochastic Transistor Aging and Process Variation in Digital Circuits

  • 用随机森林直接预测延迟分布,跳过耗时参数提取。
  • 相比顶尖方法提速94.54%,平均误差仅1.63%。
  • 适合做可靠数字电路设计的工程师快速评估风险。

随着CMOS技术进入深纳米时代,数字电路可靠性受到偏置温度不稳定性(BTI)与工艺变异(PV)的联合随机效应威胁。传统可靠性分析依赖计算量大的仿真或大量查表,难以扩展至大型设计,成为设计空间探索的关键瓶颈。为此,我们提出SMART框架,将机器学习(ML)与蒙特卡洛模拟结合,实现快速高保真可靠性分析。SMART采用随机森林回归直接预测门延迟分布,避免耗时的原子模型参数提取。关键的是,该模型利用贝叶斯优化自动调参,确保在多种库上的预测鲁棒性。在ISCAS85基准电路上的实验表明,SMART相比最先进方法分析时间减少94.54%,平均准确度误差仅为1.63%。通过将计算复杂度转移到离线训练阶段,该框架为设计鲁棒、可靠性感知的数字系统提供了可扩展、高精度的解决方案。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

As CMOS technology scales into the deep nanometer regime, digital circuit reliability is increasingly threatened by the combined stochastic effects of Bias Temperature Instability (BTI) and Process Variation (PV). Traditional reliability analysis methods, which rely on computationally intensive simulations or extensive lookup tables, fail to scale efficiently for large designs, creating a critical bottleneck in design space exploration. To address this, we propose SMART, a novel framework that integrates Machine Learning (ML) with Monte Carlo simulation to enable rapid, high-fidelity reliability analysis. SMART employs Random Forest regression to predict gate delay distributions directly, bypassing time-consuming atomic model parameter extractions. Crucially, the model utilizes Bayesian Optimization for automated hyperparameter tuning, ensuring maximum predictive robustness across diverse libraries. Experimental validation on ISCAS85 benchmark circuits demonstrates that SMART achieves a 94.54% reduction in analysis time compared to state-of-the-art methods, while maintaining a remarkable average accuracy error of just 1.63%. By shifting computational complexity to an offline training phase, the proposed framework offers a scalable, accurate solution for designing resilient, reliability-aware digital systems.

电路可靠性机器学习蒙特卡洛芯片设计

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