用单摄像头单光源实现双眼注视估计，通过虚拟光点提升精度。
Binocular Gaze Estimation with Single Camera and Single Light Source
- 引入虚拟光源生成虚拟角膜反光点，模拟双光源效果。
- 在真实数据上达到可接受的注视估计精度，略低于双光源系统。
- 适合移动设备等对硬件数量敏感的应用场景。
根据普遍共识，实现自由头部运动下的注视估计至少需要一个摄像头和两个光源。但在移动端等场景中，减少组件（尤其是光源）更为理想。本文提出一种仅使用一个摄像头和一个光源的注视估计方法。通过将虚拟光源几何对称放置于真实光源相对于摄像头的位置，在图像中生成“虚拟角膜反光点”。利用两眼瞳孔与两个反光点之间的距离关系，估计虚拟反光点位置，并假设存在两个光源，采用多项式回归进行注视估计。验证了一种新的归一化因子，对单反光点系统具有实际应用价值。实验表明性能可接受，但相比双真实光源系统存在轻微退化。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
According to commonly consented theories, the minimum hardware requirement for gaze tracker is one camera and two light sources to realize gaze estimation with free head movements. However, in some scenarios such as eye tracking on mobile devices, it is preferable to use less components, especially light sources. We propose a gaze estimation method with one camera and one light source. A "virtual light source" is introduced, which is geometrically placed symmetrically to the real light source with respect to the camera, and generates a "virtual glint" in the acquired image. We estimate the "virtual glint" by exploiting the relationship between the distance between two pupils and two glints in the captured image, and estimate the gaze with polynomial regression assuming two light sources are available. A new normalization factor for regression method is verified, which turns out to be practical for one-glint system. The performance is proved to be acceptable, while degradation is noticed compared to system with two actual light sources.
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