arXiv:2607.05482cs.SEcs.RO2026-07

让机器人像操作系统一样并发执行多任务,响应更快。

TypeGo: An OS Runtime for Embodied Agents

论文配图:TypeGo: An OS Runtime for Embodied Agents
图 1 · 摘自论文原文
  • 用异步多时标规划+技能内核管理硬件,实现并发控制
  • 首动响应快至1秒内,单步延迟降低50%
  • 适合需要快速响应和多任务的机器人系统开发者

大型语言模型(LLMs)可从自然语言中规划具身智能体的行为,但将LLM作为关键路径上的请求/响应接口,与实时控制和并发目标根本冲突。我们提出为具身智能体设计类操作系统运行时,并在原型系统TypeGo中实现。TypeGo将基于LLM的规划构造成多个时标下重叠执行的异步循环,以类似操作系统管理硬件的方式管理智能体的物理身体:技能内核(Skill Kernel)在并发任务间仲裁有类型的身体子系统,调度器可抢占并恢复或替换任务源,推测性技能流隐藏了LLM延迟,而快速首动作路径可在1秒内提供可见反馈。用户通过自然语言指令编程,由TypeGo分派给基于LLM的规划器或编译为低延迟中断处理程序。我们的卡尔奥斯(Kalos)原型——一台Unitree Go2四足机器人——初步验证了该设计:在当前任务集上,相比逐步规划,每步延迟减少50%;相比整体规划,首次动作时间缩短73%,同时以低调度开销支持并发任务。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large language models (LLMs) can plan behavior for embodied agents from natural language, but treating the LLM as a request/response oracle on the critical path is fundamentally at odds with real-time control and concurrent goals. We argue for an operating-system-style runtime for embodied agents, and instantiate this idea in an early prototype, TypeGo. TypeGo structures LLM-based planning as asynchronous loops at multiple timescales that overlap with execution, and manages the agent's physical body like an OS manages hardware: the Skill Kernel arbitrates typed physical subsystems among concurrent per-task processes, a scheduler preempts them and resumes or replaces each by source, and speculative skill streaming hides LLM latency behind ongoing motion, while a fast first-action path yields visible feedback within a second. Users program behavior through natural language prescriptions that TypeGo dispatches to the LLM-based planners or compiles into low-latency interrupt handlers. Our prototype of Kalos, a Unitree Go2 quadruped, provides preliminary evidence for the design: in our current task suite, it cuts per-step delay by 50% over step-by-step planning and time-to-first-action by 73% over monolithic planning, while admitting concurrent tasks at low scheduling overhead.

具身智能机器人系统实时控制多任务调度

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