研究发现,公众对AI法律建议的接受度取决于其客观性与情境敏感性的权衡。
Beyond Accuracy: How Humans Evaluate Legally Correct but Socially Controversial Legal Advice from Machines
- 比较了人类与AI提供相同法律建议时的评价差异
- 有解释的建议显著提升可信度,无论来源是人还是机器
- 公众既看重客观性,也重视对特殊情况的关注
AI系统在提供法律建议中的应用日益广泛,引发人们对普通人是否接受算法指导的关注,尤其是当建议虽合法但社会争议较大时。我们在中国大陆开展了一项注册制调查实验,样本量为3,348名成人,考察人们在面对相同法律建议时,若其来源为AI或人类律师,以及是否附带推理过程,会如何评估。出乎意料的是,将建议归因于AI并不会整体影响其被感知的合理性。然而中介分析揭示了相反的心理路径:AI建议被认为更客观,从而提升合理性评分;但同时也被认为缺乏全面性且忽视特殊情形,降低合理性评分。相比之下,提供法律推理可显著提升合理性评价,无论来源如何,主要因其增强了客观性感知。定性反馈进一步证实了公众在评价中对客观性与情境敏感性的张力。这些发现表明,公众对AI法律顾问的反应并非源于对自动化的固执排斥,而是由多重规范期待之间的权衡所塑造。研究结果对算法厌恶理论及高规范意义领域中AI推荐系统的设计具有启示。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
AI systems are increasingly used to provide legal advice, raising questions about whether laypeople accept guidance from algorithms--especially when that advice is legally correct but socially controversial. We report a preregistered survey experiment with 3,348 adults in mainland China examining how people evaluate identical legal advice when it is attributed either to an AI system or to a human lawyer, and when it is accompanied by reasoning or not. Contrary to expectations of algorithm aversion, attribution to an AI system has no net effect on perceived reasonableness. However, mediation analyses reveal opposing psychological pathways underlying this null result. AI-attributed advice is perceived as more objective, which increases perceived reasonableness, but also as less comprehensive and less attentive to special circumstances, which decreases perceived reasonableness. By contrast, providing legal reasoning substantially increases perceived reasonableness regardless of source, largely by enhancing perceptions of objectivity. Qualitative responses corroborate this tension between objectivity and contextual sensitivity in evaluations of legal advice. Together, these findings suggest that public responses to AI legal advisors are shaped not by rigid attitudes toward automation, but by the balancing of competing normative expectations. The results have implications for theories of algorithm aversion and the design of AI recommendation systems in normatively salient domains.
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