用真实EDA工具构建可交互的电路板自动布线环境，让智能体边试边调。
PCBWorld: A Benchmark Environment for Engine-Grounded PCB Design Automation
- 基于KiCad引擎构建交互式布线环境，支持实时设计规则校验反馈
- 在679个真实开源电路板上测试，强化学习智能体性能超越传统网格策略
- 合成数据训练的模型可零样本迁移至真实电路板，接近人工布线水平
PCB布线是在严格设计规则下用铜线连接电路网络的任务，但基于学习的方法仍落后于规则驱动的布线器。我们提出PCBWorld，一个基于KiCad电子设计自动化（EDA）引擎的开源、引擎驱动的布线环境。如同人类工程师，该环境中智能体通过引擎原生操作进行交互式布线，并根据设计规则检查（DRC）反馈调整策略。环境支持强化学习与工具使用型大模型智能体。同时提供PCBWorld-Bench基准，包含三个以原生.kicad_pcb格式存储的电路板数据集、两个可控合成生成器以及679个真实开源电路板。无论采用何种布线方法，环境均通过八个由引擎验证的评估指标对完成的电路板进行评分。实验表明，PCBWorld中的智能体持续优于基于网格动作的强化学习策略和开环大模型基线；仅在合成数据上训练的强化学习策略，在未见的真实电路板上实现零样本迁移，性能逼近规则驱动布线器。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
PCB routing is the task of connecting the nets of a board with copper traces under strict design rules, yet learning-based methods still lag behind rule-based routers. We introduce PCBWorld, an open-source engine-grounded PCB routing environment built on KiCad, an electronic design automation (EDA) engine. As a human engineer does, agents in PCBWorld interactively route a board through the engine's native operations, guided by its Design Rule Check (DRC) feedback. The environment supports both RL and tool-using LLM agents. Alongside the environment, PCBWorld-Bench provides three board datasets in the native .kicad_pcb format, two controllable synthetic generators and 679 real open-source boards. It scores any completed board with eight engine-checked evaluation metrics, regardless of the routing method. In our experiments, agents in PCBWorld consistently outperformed grid-action RL policies and open-loop LLM baselines, and an RL policy trained only on synthetic boards transferred zero-shot to real boards, approaching rule-based routers.
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