动态调整提问时机与方式,让对话推荐更精准。
When and How to Ask: Dynamic Preference Elicitation Strategies for Conversational Recommendation

- 按对话阶段智能选择提问策略:早期问属性,后期问具体物品。
- 实验表明,上下文感知策略能显著提升推荐效果。
- 新数据集和模型支持研究对话推荐中的交互规律。
对话推荐系统通过多轮自然语言对话理解用户不断变化的偏好并提供个性化推荐。为实现这一目标,系统依赖于偏好获取策略主动从用户处收集信息;然而,何时以及如何选择这些策略在对话中仍缺乏研究。现有方法多侧重于获取显式物品属性,且采用相对固定的提问方式,而基于物品的偏好获取及其在不同对话阶段的变化尚未被充分探索。本文从阶段感知视角系统研究偏好获取策略,实证发现最优策略具有阶段依赖性和情境敏感性:早期使用属性提问更有效,随着偏好细化,基于物品的提问表现更优。为此,我们构建了InPE数据集,包含细粒度的提问必要性与策略选择标注。基于此,提出COPE(COnversational Preference Elicitation via Mixture of Experts)架构进行策略建模。在该数据集上的大量离线评估表明,上下文感知的提问策略对对话推荐有显著提升。同时,对预测策略的分析揭示了对话推进过程中的稳定阶段趋势,为对话推荐中的常见交互模式提供了实证依据。数据集已开源:https://github.com/juanfacabian/InPE。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Conversational Recommender Systems (CRSs) are interactive systems that use multi-turn natural language dialogue to understand evolving user preferences and provide personalized recommendations. To achieve this goal, CRSs rely on preference elicitation strategies to actively gather informative preference cues from users; however, the timing and selection of these strategies during a conversation remain largely unexplored. While many existing studies emphasize eliciting explicit item attributes and tend to adopt relatively static elicitation strategies, the use of item-based preference elicitation and how it varies across different dialogue stages remains less explored. In this work, we conduct a systematic investigation of preference elicitation strategies from a stage-aware perspective. We provide empirical evidence that optimal preference elicitation strategies are stage-dependent and context-sensitive: attribute-based inquiries are effective in early stages, while item-based strategies become superior as preferences refine. To support this paradigm, we introduce InPE, a dataset enriched with fine-grained annotations for elicitation necessity and strategy selection. With this dataset, we propose COPE (COnversational Preference Elicitation via Mixture of Experts), a novel architecture for strategy modeling. Extensive offline evaluation on our dataset indicates that context-aware preference elicitation strategies are beneficial for conversational recommendation. In addition, the analysis of the predicted strategies uncovers consistent stage-wise tendencies in dialogue progression, providing empirical evidence of common interaction patterns in conversational recommendation systems. Our dataset is available at https://github.com/juanfacabian/InPE.
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