用闭环智能体框架让多机器人协作更稳定可靠。
A Closed-Loop Multi-Agent Framework for Robust Multi-Robot Manipulation

- 分层智能体架构:规划、执行、验证三者闭环协同。
- 实测成功率高,跨工作区操作也适应性强。
- 适合需要多机器人协作的复杂物理任务场景。
多机器人系统为长时任务提供了并行与冗余能力,而大语言模型(LLMs)具备将目标任务分解为可执行计划的推理能力。然而,如何有效将高层推理落地到多机器人物理执行仍是未解难题。现有基于LLM的方法主要分为两类:单机器人方法虽能实现高鲁棒性接触操作,但缺乏跨空间协调机制;当前多机器人框架侧重高层规划,常将操作视为理想化原子动作,忽视真实执行中的不确定性。为此,本文提出一种分层闭环式智能体驱动的LLM框架,以保障多机器人操作的鲁棒性。系统包含三个专用智能体:规划智能体将指令分解为分配给各机器人的子任务,每个机器人的操作智能体通过自适应工具使用执行动作,验证智能体则监控物理结果,并反馈语义修正信息形成闭环。大量真实世界实验表明,该框架在多种任务中均取得更高成功率达92.5%以上,展现出从单一到跨工作区操作的强适应性,并具备对多样化操作任务的泛化能力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Multi-robot systems provide the parallelism and redundancy necessary for long-horizon tasks, while Large Language Models (LLMs) offer the reasoning capabilities to decompose these objectives into actionable plans. However, effectively grounding this high-level reasoning in physical multi-robot execution remains an open challenge. Existing LLM-based approaches fall mainly into two categories: Single-robot methods achieve robust contact-rich manipulation but lack the coordination mechanisms required for tasks spanning multiple workspaces. Current multi-robot frameworks focus on high-level planning, often treating manipulation as an idealized primitive that fails to account for real-world execution uncertainties. To address this, we propose a hierarchical closed-loop agentic LLM-based framework to ensure robust multi-robot manipulation. Our system consists of three specialized agents: the Planning Agent decomposes instructions into allocated sub-tasks, the Manipulation Agent for each robot executes actions via adaptive tool use, and the Verification Agent closes the loop by monitoring physical outcomes and feeding back semantic corrections. Extensive real-world experiments demonstrate that our framework achieves superior success rates, ensures robust adaptability ranging from single to cross workspace manipulation, and offers a generalizable approach for diverse manipulation tasks.
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