用扩散模型生成6G多波束的角域无线电图,提升波束选择与定位精度。
RadioDiff-v2: Generative Angular Radio Maps for Multi-Beam Selection and Localization

- 采用双分支一维扩散变换器,通过流匹配训练生成高保真角域功率谱。
- 零样本测试下在99个环境、百万级链路中各项指标全面领先,定位误差仅20.6像素。
- 单模型输出分布与点估计,可直接用于波束最优选择和接收机定位。
角域无线电图描述了接收功率在到达角上的分布,是6G网络中波束选择与接收机定位的基础。从几何信息预测角功率谱(APS)极具挑战性,因非视距(NLOS)条件下映射病态且需泛化至未见环境。传统最小化失真的回归器返回条件均值,导致谱图过度平滑,丢失下游任务所需的多径结构。本文将该任务视为感知-失真问题,提出RadioDiff-v2:一种基于流匹配训练的双分支一维扩散变换器。其结合周期性角编码、自适应层归一化条件、傅里叶角混合器及联合速度与干净信号头。单模型通过每项指标估计器组合,生成样本携带分布信息;干净信号头提供回归级点估计,贝叶斯最优规则实现波束选择,条件似然完成接收机定位。我们证明集中条件可导出精确可积分的直线概率流轨迹,揭示确定性传输为正确归纳偏置。在99个环境、一百万链接的零样本测试中,RadioDiff-v2在所有指标上均优于基线,包括Wasserstein-1距离0.39 dB,每子带误差低于回归基线,八波束NLOS扫描损失2.43 dB,四基站定位误差20.6像素。代码已开源。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Angular radio maps describe the received-power distribution over the angle of arrival and underpin beam selection and receiver localization in sixth-generation (6G) networks. Predicting the angular power spectrum (APS) from geometry is difficult, because the mapping is ill-posed in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions and must generalize to unseen environments. Distortion-minimizing regressors return the conditional mean, which over-smooths the spectrum and erases the multipath structure that downstream tasks need. We cast the task as a perception-distortion problem and propose RadioDiff-v2, a dual-branch one-dimensional diffusion transformer trained with flow matching. It couples periodic angular encoding, adaptive layer-normalization conditioning, a Fourier angular mixer, and joint velocity and clean-signal heads. A per-metric estimator portfolio reads every deployment quantity from this single model, so that samples carry the distribution, the clean-signal head supplies a regression-grade point estimate, Bayes-optimal rules select beams, and the conditional likelihood localizes the receiver. We prove that a concentrated conditional yields a straight probability-flow trajectory that one step integrates exactly, identifying deterministic transport as the correct inductive bias. On a zero-shot test of 99 environments and one million links, RadioDiff-v2 leads every baseline on every metric, with a 0.39 dB Wasserstein-1 distance, per-bin error below the regression baseline, a 2.43 dB eight-beam NLOS sweep loss, and a 20.6-pixel localization error with four base stations. Code is available at https://github.com/UNIC-Lab/RadioDiff-v2.
Thank you to arXiv for use of its open access interoperability. PaperDance 不是 arXiv 官方产品;中文卡片由大模型生成,请以原文为准。